In Circuit Testing Market

In-Circuit Testing Market

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The global In-circuit testing market size was valued at USD 1.12 Billion in 2022 and is likely to reach USD 1.75 Billion by 2031, expanding at a CAGR of 5.1% during the forecast period, 2023–2031. The market growth is attributed to its extensive use of in-circuit testing in consumer electronics and the automotive industry.

In-circuit testing is an excellent tool for detecting manufacturing defects in electronic circuits such as wrong or missing components, open connections, and solder shorts. These tests help inspect the integrated circuits with special probes that do not tamper or disturb the delicate workings of the PCB.

In Circuit Testing Market Outlook

Over the past few years, the requirement for in-circuit testing has significantly grown due to the increased manufacturing activities across industries to fulfill the growing demand for various electronic products from all over the world.

  • As per the Consumer Technology Association, the consumer technology industry of the United States is expected to reach USD 505 bn in retail sales for the first time due to the growing demand for smartphones, streaming services, health devices, and automotive tech. This represents a 2.8% increment in revenue after the substantial growth of 9.6% in 2021 over 2020.

In-circuit testing (ICT) is a special type of method that is used to verify the integrity and functioning of electronic circuits and printed circuit boards (PCB). It helps manufacturers in determining whether their circuits and components meet the product specifications and quality standards. The in-circuit testing involves testing to check the electrical response of individual components by applying test signals to specific points on the PCB.

There are two types of in-circuit testing, bed-of-nails tester and flying probe. The bed-of-nails tester is a fixture that uses an arrangement of spring-loaded pins to check the electrical response in a circuit. When a PCB board is aligned with this tester and pressed, the pins make electrical contact at those locations and are used as test points of the circuit.

The flying probe, on the other hand, places less mechanical strain on the PCB being tested. While the bed-of-nails tester allows for several tests to be performed at a time, the flying probe has to be moved between the tests. Although, the use of a flying probe in-circuit testing, places much less strain on PCB, as compared to the bed-of-nails tester.

The in-circuit testing has numerous advantages including fast & efficient checking, high fault coverage, measurable outcomes, cost-effective functioning, and easy troubleshooting among others. It helps ensure compliance with quality standards & industrial regulations and helps with the delivery of quality products that are less prone to any defect.

The COVID-19 pandemic affected the in-circuit testing market by impacting its end-use industries. The lockdown imposed by governments throughout the world resulted in constrained growth of businesses at all levels. This decreased production activities and halted the supply of electronic products. 

The restrained supply chain created a gap between the availability and product demand resulting in a deficit. However, with the functioning of the supply chain going back to normal, the market is expected to have steady growth again.

In-Circuit Testing Market Dynamics

In Circuit Testing Market Dynamics

Major Drivers

An increase in the manufacture of consumer electronics is expected to drive the market during the projection period. Across industries there is a rise in quality standards and competing players, due to this, manufacturers are striving to create highly reliable and quality electronic products. The in-circuit testing ensures that all the electronic components and circuit boards are comprehensively tested to ensure optimum performance with minimal risks of defects.

Growing adoption of cloud computing and the Internet of Things (IoT) is anticipated to boost the market. The in-circuit testing can help test and validate the complex architecture of cloud systems. The increasing implementation of cloud computing for smartphones and laptops is fuelling the need for rigorous testing and maintaining quality standards, which is expected to increase the demand for in-circuit testing.

  • As per the report of Google Cloud, published in January 2023, around 41.4% of business leaders and tech firms plan on increasing their investments in cloud-based products and services owing to the changes in the current economic climate. Several organizations are retraining their existing staff or hiring new staff to improve the optimization of their cloud spend.

Existing Restraints

High cost associated with various in-circuit testing processes is projected to impede the market. The continuous advancements in technology lead to frequent updates and modifications in testing methods and equipment. Furthermore, the updated equipment needs to be used on a high volume of components and items as using them for small runs of 200 to 1000 items is not cost-effective.

Emerging Opportunities

Rising adaptation of in-circuit testing in various end-use industries is expected to generate new opportunities for the market. Industries such as automotive and consumer electronics are continuously striving for technological advancements to obtain a competitive edge with respect to other players in their industry.

For instance, the development of several consumer electronics such as smartphones, wearable devices, and smart home appliances requires effective in-circuit testing to meet evolving quality standards and provide optimal performance.

Scope of In-Circuit Testing Market Report

The In-Circuit Testing market report includes an assessment of the market, trends, segments, and regional markets. Overview and dynamics have also been included in the report.

Attributes

Details

Report Title

In-Circuit Testing Market - Global Industry Analysis, Growth, Share, Size, Trends, and Forecast

Base Year

2022

Historic Data

2016–2021

Forecast Period

2023–2031

Segmentation

Type (Analog and Mixed), Portability (Compact and Benchtop), Application (ICT, FCT, and MDA), End-user (Aerospace, Automotive, Defense and Government Services, Consumer Electronics, Medical Equipment, Wireless Communication, and Others)

Regional Scope

Asia Pacific, North America, Latin America, Europe, and Middle East & Africa

Report Coverage

Company Share, Market Analysis and Size, Competitive Landscape, Growth Factors, Market Trends, and Revenue Forecast

Key Players Covered in the Report

Test Research, Inc.; Teradyne Inc.; S.E.I.C.A. S.p.A.; KYORITSU Test System Corporation; SPEA S.p.A.; Konrad GmbH; Keysight Technologies; HIOKI E.E. CORPORATION; Digitaltest GmbH; Columbia Elektronik AB; and Acculogic.

In-Circuit Testing Market Segment Insights

Type Segment Analysis

Based on type, the in-circuit testing market is divided into analog and mixed. The mixed segment is expected to expand at the major growth rate during the projection period due to its ability to test circuits that combine both, the analog as well as the digital components.

Several modern electronic systems use equipment such as mixed-signal integrated circuits, digital-to-analog converters, and analog-to-digital converters which require the integration of analog and digital functions. The extensive use of electronic components that employ mixed systems is likely to expand in the coming years owing to the rising production of smart electronics across industries.

The analog segment is expected to expand at a significant growth rate as analog testing is essential for ensuring the functionality and performance of various electronic components and circuits. Analog signals are still highly prevalent in many industries such as automotive, aerospace, and telecommunications.

Analog testing provides precise measurements and accurate analysis of analog signals. This makes it indispensable for quality control and product validation in these sectors.

In Circuit Testing Market Type

Probability Segment Analysis

On the basis of probability, the global market is segregated into compact and benchtop. The compact segment is projected to register substantial demand growth during the forecast period as it offers in-circuit testing solutions that are designed to be portable and lightweight. Their smaller size as compared to the traditional in-circuit testing systems makes them suitable to use in any environment.

Furthermore, compact in-circuit testing has additional features such as battery backup, an integrated display with a built-in user interface, and wireless connectivity. These features make them highly user-friendly, which is expected to increase their demand in various end-use industries.

The benchtop segment is projected to register a considerable CAGR during the forecast period as benchtop testers offer high accuracy and precision in measuring and analyzing electrical signals. This makes them highly reliable for testing circuit boards. Moreover, the availability of advanced features and customizable options provide the user with a wide range of comprehensive solutions, furthering its growth in the market.

Application Segment Analysis

On the basis of application, the in-circuit testing market is segmented into ICT, FCT, and Manufacturing Defect Analyzers (MDA). The FCT (Functional Circuit Testing) segment is anticipated to register a robust growth rate during the forecast period due to the increase in the requirement for functional testing as a necessity in most applications.

A system is not permitted to pass through the post-process stage without passing through the functional testing process in any industry. Furthermore, it assists with the easy detection of defects in a small period of time.


The MDA (Manufacturing Defects Analyzer) segment is anticipated to expand at a significant pace in the market owing to its comprehensive and efficient testing capabilities, which help in the detection of manufacturing defects in electronic components. Furthermore, MDA’s integration with advanced technologies such as machine learning and artificial intelligence enhances its performance and makes it a preferred choice for in-circuit testing applicators.

In-Circuit Testing Market Application

End-user Segment Analysis

Based on end-user, the in-circuit testing market is divided into aerospace, consumer electronics, automotive, defense & government services, medical equipment, wireless communication, and others. The consumer electronics segment is expected to generate a major revenue share in the market owing to the extensive usage of in-circuit testing in the manufacturing process.

It is used to test and validate the electronic circuits found in all consumer electronic devices such as tablets, laptops, gaming consoles, wearable devices in sports, and smartphones, among others. It ensures seamless performance, functionality, and reliability of the device by ensuring that the device meets the specified performance criteria.

The automotive segment is projected to expand at a significant CAGR during the forecast period as in-circuit testing is employed at various stages of automobile manufacturing, such as testing, production, and assembly.

It also helps ensure that the vehicles are in compliance with the quality standards as well as the industry safety regulations. The in-circuit test equipment plays a crucial role in the automotive industry by helping it meet the evolving standards for quality, performance, innovation, and reliability.

Regional Analysis

In terms of region, the global in-circuit testing market is classified as Asia Pacific, North America, Latin America, Europe, and Middle East & Africa. Asia Pacific is expected to dominate the market during the projection period due to the development of advanced electronic systems and increased manufacturing operations.

Moreover, several critical factors including increasing population and increasing per capita income of developing economies such as India and China have resulted in a growing demand for smartphones and smart household appliances. These factors are anticipated to increase the demand for in-circuit testing of devices in Asia Pacific. 


North America is projected to experience rapid market growth during the forecast period owing to its highly developed industrial infrastructure and superior manufacturing capacity. Furthermore, countries such as the United States make heavy investments in their electronic and defense systems which require rigorous planning, production, and in-circuit testing of components before the product can be made available for use. These factors along with the presence of several market players in this region are expected to boost the market.

In Circuit Testing Market Region

Segments

The In-circuit testing market has been segmented on the basis of

Type

  • Analog
  • Mixed

Portability

  • Compact
  • Benchtop

Application

  • ICT
  • FCT
  • MDA

End-user

  • Aerospace
  • Automotive
  • Defence & Government Services
  • Consumer Electronics
  • Medical Equipment
  • Wireless Communication
  • Others

Region

  • Asia Pacific
  • North America
  • Latin America
  • Europe
  • Middle East & Africa

Key Players

  • Test Research, Inc.
  • Teradyne Inc.
  • S.E.I.C.A. S.p.A.
  • KYORITSU Test System Corporation
  • SPEA S.p.A.
  • Konrad GmbH
  • Keysight Technologies
  • HIOKI E.E. CORPORATION
  • Digitaltest GmbH
  • Columbia Elektronik AB
  • Acculogic

Competitive Landscape

Key players competing in the global in-circuit testing market are Test Research, Inc.; Teradyne Inc.; S.E.I.C.A. S.p.A.; KYORITSU Test System Corporation; SPEA S.p.A.; Konrad GmbH; Keysight Technologies; HIOKI E.E. CORPORATION; Digitaltest GmbH; Columbia Elektronik AB; and Acculogic.

These companies adopted development strategies including acquisitions, partnerships, mergers, collaboration, product launches, and production expansion to get an edge over the competitors. The ability to overcome constant obstacles such as fluctuating prices & competition from other brands is of vital importance in order to increase relevance. For instance,

  • In May 2023, SPEA announced its collaboration with GJM to strengthen its business in the Mainland China territory. This strategic partnership is expected to bring together SPEA’s world-class expertise in testing technology and GJM’s quality management capabilities and manufacturing services.

  • In January 2023, SPEA gave notice for the release of their new Flying Scanner LED Light Tester in San Diego at the IPC APEX Expo 2023. The automatic testing of the LED panels is aimed to help in accurately measuring various features of light sources for the identification of defects.

  • In March 2022, Test Research, Inc. (TRI) released TR8100H SII, an in-circuit tester with a high-density pin count. It is the company’s latest high-performance test system that has a vacuum fixture for providing complete coverage testing. It has been specially designed for low-voltage testing of complex PCBAs.

  • In February 2020, Test Research, Inc. (TRI) launched its TR5001 SII LED series. It is TRI’s latest ICT-FCT variation for LED lighting tests. It offers multi-core parallel testing with up to four cores operating independently. It also includes built-in auto-calibration, a quick-disconnection interface (QDI), and self-diagnostics to ensure long-term testing reliability.

In Circuit Testing Market Key Players

1. Executive Summary
2. Assumptions and Acronyms Used
3. Research Methodology
4. In-Circuit Testing Market Overview
  4.1. Introduction
     4.1.1. Market Taxonomy
     4.1.2. Market Definition
  4.2. Macro-Economic Factors
     4.2.1. Industry Outlook
  4.3. In-Circuit Testing Market Dynamics
     4.3.1. Market Drivers
     4.3.2. Market Restraints
     4.3.3. Opportunity
     4.3.4. Market Trends
  4.4. In-Circuit Testing Market - Supply Chain
  4.5. Global In-Circuit Testing Market Forecast
     4.5.1. In-Circuit Testing Market Size (US$ Mn) and Y-o-Y Growth
     4.5.2. In-Circuit Testing Market Size (000’ Units) and Y-o-Y Growth
     4.5.3. In-Circuit Testing Market Absolute $ Opportunity
5. Global In-Circuit Testing Market Analysis and Forecast by Types
  5.1. Market Trends
  5.2. Introduction
     5.2.1. Basis Point Share (BPS) Analysis by Types
     5.2.2. Y-o-Y Growth Projections by Types
  5.3. In-Circuit Testing Market Size and Volume Forecast by Types
     5.3.1. Analog
     5.3.2. Mixed
  5.4. Absolute $ Opportunity Assessment by Types
  5.5. Market Attractiveness/Growth Potential Analysis by Types
6. Global In-Circuit Testing Market Analysis and Forecast by Applications
  6.1. Market Trends
  6.2. Introduction
     6.2.1. Basis Point Share (BPS) Analysis by Applications
     6.2.2. Y-o-Y Growth Projections by Applications
  6.3. In-Circuit Testing Market Size and Volume Forecast by Applications
     6.3.1. ICT
     6.3.2. FCT
     6.3.3. MDA
  6.4. Absolute $ Opportunity Assessment by Applications
  6.5. Market Attractiveness/Growth Potential Analysis by Applications
7. Global In-Circuit Testing Market Analysis and Forecast by End Users
  7.1. Market Trends
  7.2. Introduction
     7.2.1. Basis Point Share (BPS) Analysis by End Users
     7.2.2. Y-o-Y Growth Projections by End Users
  7.3. In-Circuit Testing Market Size and Volume Forecast by End Users
     7.3.1. Aerospace
     7.3.2. Automotive
     7.3.3. Defence & Government Services
     7.3.4. Consumer Electronics
     7.3.5. Medical Equipment
     7.3.6. Wireless Communication
     7.3.7. Others
  7.4. Absolute $ Opportunity Assessment by End Users
  7.5. Market Attractiveness/Growth Potential Analysis by End Users
8. Global In-Circuit Testing Market Analysis and Forecast by Region
  8.1. Market Trends
  8.2. Introduction
     8.2.1. Basis Point Share (BPS) Analysis by Region
     8.2.2. Y-o-Y Growth Projections by Region
  8.3. In-Circuit Testing Market Size and Volume Forecast by Region
     8.3.1. North America
     8.3.2. Latin America
     8.3.3. Europe
     8.3.4. Asia Pacific
     8.3.5. Middle East and Africa (MEA)
  8.4. Absolute $ Opportunity Assessment by Region
  8.5. Market Attractiveness/Growth Potential Analysis by Region
  8.6. Global In-Circuit Testing Demand Share Forecast, 2019-2026
9. North America In-Circuit Testing Market Analysis and Forecast
  9.1. Introduction
     9.1.1. Basis Point Share (BPS) Analysis by Country
     9.1.2. Y-o-Y Growth Projections by Country
  9.2. North America In-Circuit Testing Market Size and Volume Forecast by Country
     9.2.1. U.S.
     9.2.2. Canada
  9.3. Absolute $ Opportunity Assessment by Country
  9.4. North America In-Circuit Testing Market Size and Volume Forecast by Types
     9.4.1. Analog
     9.4.2. Mixed
  9.5. Basis Point Share (BPS) Analysis by Types
  9.6. Y-o-Y Growth Projections by Types
  9.7. North America In-Circuit Testing Market Size and Volume Forecast by Applications
     9.7.1. ICT
     9.7.2. FCT
     9.7.3. MDA
  9.8. Basis Point Share (BPS) Analysis by Applications
  9.9. Y-o-Y Growth Projections by Applications
  9.10. North America In-Circuit Testing Market Size and Volume Forecast by End Users
     9.10.1. Aerospace
     9.10.2. Automotive
     9.10.3. Defence & Government Services
     9.10.4. Consumer Electronics
     9.10.5. Medical Equipment
     9.10.6. Wireless Communication
     9.10.7. Others
  9.11. Basis Point Share (BPS) Analysis by End Users
  9.12. Y-o-Y Growth Projections by End Users
  9.13. Market Attractiveness/Growth Potential Analysis
     9.13.1. By Country
     9.13.2. By Product Type
     9.13.3. By Application
  9.14. North America In-Circuit Testing Demand Share Forecast, 2019-2026
10. Latin America In-Circuit Testing Market Analysis and Forecast
  10.1. Introduction
     10.1.1. Basis Point Share (BPS) Analysis by Country
     10.1.2. Y-o-Y Growth Projections by Country
     10.1.3. Latin America Average Pricing Analysis
  10.2. Latin America In-Circuit Testing Market Size and Volume Forecast by Country
      10.2.1. Brazil
      10.2.2. Mexico
      10.2.3. Rest of Latin America
   10.3. Absolute $ Opportunity Assessment by Country
  10.4. Latin America In-Circuit Testing Market Size and Volume Forecast by Types
     10.4.1. Analog
     10.4.2. Mixed
  10.5. Basis Point Share (BPS) Analysis by Types
  10.6. Y-o-Y Growth Projections by Types
  10.7. Latin America In-Circuit Testing Market Size and Volume Forecast by Applications
     10.7.1. ICT
     10.7.2. FCT
     10.7.3. MDA
  10.8. Basis Point Share (BPS) Analysis by Applications
  10.9. Y-o-Y Growth Projections by Applications
  10.10. Latin America In-Circuit Testing Market Size and Volume Forecast by End Users
     10.10.1. Aerospace
     10.10.2. Automotive
     10.10.3. Defence & Government Services
     10.10.4. Consumer Electronics
     10.10.5. Medical Equipment
     10.10.6. Wireless Communication
     10.10.7. Others
  10.11. Basis Point Share (BPS) Analysis by End Users
  10.12. Y-o-Y Growth Projections by End Users
  10.13. Market Attractiveness/Growth Potential Analysis
     10.13.1. By Country
     10.13.2. By Product Type
     10.13.3. By Application
  10.14. Latin America In-Circuit Testing Demand Share Forecast, 2019-2026
11. Europe In-Circuit Testing Market Analysis and Forecast
  11.1. Introduction
     11.1.1. Basis Point Share (BPS) Analysis by Country
     11.1.2. Y-o-Y Growth Projections by Country
     11.1.3. Europe Average Pricing Analysis
  11.2. Europe In-Circuit Testing Market Size and Volume Forecast by Country
     11.2.1. Germany
     11.2.2. France
     11.2.3. Italy
     11.2.4. U.K.
     11.2.5. Spain
     11.2.6. Russia
     11.2.7. Rest of Europe
  11.3. Absolute $ Opportunity Assessment by Country
  11.4. Europe In-Circuit Testing Market Size and Volume Forecast by Types
     11.4.1. Analog
     11.4.2. Mixed
  11.5. Basis Point Share (BPS) Analysis by Types
  11.6. Y-o-Y Growth Projections by Types
  11.7. Europe In-Circuit Testing Market Size and Volume Forecast by Applications
     11.7.1. ICT
     11.7.2. FCT
     11.7.3. MDA
  11.8. Basis Point Share (BPS) Analysis by Applications
  11.9. Y-o-Y Growth Projections by Applications
  11.10. Europe In-Circuit Testing Market Size and Volume Forecast by End Users
     11.10.1. Aerospace
     11.10.2. Automotive
     11.10.3. Defence & Government Services
     11.10.4. Consumer Electronics
     11.10.5. Medical Equipment
     11.10.6. Wireless Communication
     11.10.7. Others
  11.11. Basis Point Share (BPS) Analysis by End Users
  11.12. Y-o-Y Growth Projections by End Users
  11.13. Market Attractiveness/Growth Potential Analysis
     11.13.1. By Country
     11.13.2. By Product Type
     11.13.3. By Application
  11.14. Europe In-Circuit Testing Demand Share Forecast, 2019-2026
12. Asia Pacific In-Circuit Testing Market Analysis and Forecast
  12.1. Introduction
     12.1.1. Basis Point Share (BPS) Analysis by Country
     12.1.2. Y-o-Y Growth Projections by Country
     12.1.3. Asia Pacific Average Pricing Analysis
  12.2. Asia Pacific In-Circuit Testing Market Size and Volume Forecast by Country
     12.2.1. China
     12.2.2. Japan
     12.2.3. South Korea
     12.2.4. India
     12.2.5. Australia
     12.2.6. Rest of Asia Pacific (APAC)
  12.3. Absolute $ Opportunity Assessment by Country
  12.4. Asia Pacific In-Circuit Testing Market Size and Volume Forecast by Types
     12.4.1. Analog
     12.4.2. Mixed
  12.5. Basis Point Share (BPS) Analysis by Types
  12.6. Y-o-Y Growth Projections by Types
  12.7. Asia Pacific In-Circuit Testing Market Size and Volume Forecast by Applications
     12.7.1. ICT
     12.7.2. FCT
     12.7.3. MDA
  12.8. Basis Point Share (BPS) Analysis by Applications
  12.9. Y-o-Y Growth Projections by Applications
  12.10. Asia Pacific In-Circuit Testing Market Size and Volume Forecast by End Users
     12.10.1. Aerospace
     12.10.2. Automotive
     12.10.3. Defence & Government Services
     12.10.4. Consumer Electronics
     12.10.5. Medical Equipment
     12.10.6. Wireless Communication
     12.10.7. Others
  12.11. Basis Point Share (BPS) Analysis by End Users
  12.12. Y-o-Y Growth Projections by End Users
  12.13. Market Attractiveness/Growth Potential Analysis
     12.13.1. By Country
     12.13.2. By Product Type
     12.13.3. By Application
  12.14. Asia Pacific In-Circuit Testing Demand Share Forecast, 2019-2026
13. Middle East & Africa In-Circuit Testing Market Analysis and Forecast
  13.1. Introduction
     13.1.1. Basis Point Share (BPS) Analysis by Country
     13.1.2. Y-o-Y Growth Projections by Country
     13.1.3. Middle East & Africa Average Pricing Analysis
  13.2. Middle East & Africa In-Circuit Testing Market Size and Volume Forecast by Country
     13.2.1. Saudi Arabia
     13.2.2. South Africa
     13.2.3. UAE
     13.2.4. Rest of Middle East & Africa (MEA)
  13.3. Absolute $ Opportunity Assessment by Country
  13.4. Middle East & Africa In-Circuit Testing Market Size and Volume Forecast by Types
     13.4.1. Analog
     13.4.2. Mixed
  13.5. Basis Point Share (BPS) Analysis by Types
  13.6. Y-o-Y Growth Projections by Types
  13.7. Middle East & Africa In-Circuit Testing Market Size and Volume Forecast by Applications
     13.7.1. ICT
     13.7.2. FCT
     13.7.3. MDA
  13.8. Basis Point Share (BPS) Analysis by Applications
  13.9. Y-o-Y Growth Projections by Applications
  13.10. Middle East & Africa In-Circuit Testing Market Size and Volume Forecast by End Users
     13.10.1. Aerospace
     13.10.2. Automotive
     13.10.3. Defence & Government Services
     13.10.4. Consumer Electronics
     13.10.5. Medical Equipment
     13.10.6. Wireless Communication
     13.10.7. Others
  13.11. Basis Point Share (BPS) Analysis by End Users
  13.12. Y-o-Y Growth Projections by End Users
  13.13. Market Attractiveness/Growth Potential Analysis
     13.13.1. By Country
     13.13.2. By Product Type
     13.13.3. By Application
  13.14. Middle East & Africa In-Circuit Testing Demand Share Forecast, 2019-2026
14. Competition Landscape
  14.1. Global In-Circuit Testing Market: Market Share Analysis
  14.2. In-Circuit Testing Distributors and Customers
  14.3. In-Circuit Testing Market: Competitive Dashboard
  14.4. Company Profiles (Details: Overview, Financials, Developments, Strategy)
     14.4.1. Test Research, Inc.
     14.4.2. Teradyne Inc.
     14.4.3. S.E.I.C.A. S.p.A.
     14.4.4. KYORITSU Test System Corporation
     14.4.5. SPEA S.p.A.
     14.4.6. Konrad GmbH
     14.4.7. Keysight Technologies
     14.4.8. HIOKI E.E. CORPORATION
     14.4.9. Digitaltest GmbH
     14.4.10. Columbia Elektronik AB
     14.4.11. Acculogic

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