Acute on Chronic Liver Failure Treatment Market

Acute on Chronic Liver Failure Treatment Market Outlook

The Global Acute on Chronic Liver Failure Treatment Market was estimated at USD 6,025.8 Million in 2022 and is anticipated to reach USD 9,993.5 Million by 2031, expanding at a CAGR of 6.5% during the forecast period.

Acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) is a distinct clinical syndrome characterized by liver failure, due to an acute hepatic injury on an underlying chronic liver disease with high 28-day mortality. ACLF presents a challenge for both hepatologists and intensivists to treat, due to its rapid rate of progression. There are variations in its definition at present, leading to descriptions of various clinical phenotypes. Patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) and Hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related cirrhosis are also prone to develop hepatic or extrahepatic failures when they develop a superadded insult.

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Acute hepatic insults are caused by alcohol, hepatotropic viruses, and drugs; whereas chronic liver disease is generally caused by cirrhosis, hepatitis B or C, and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Systemic inflammatory response syndrome, persistent inflammation, and the cytokine storm have a central role in the pathogenesis of liver failure and subsequent organ failure post an acute insult of the liver.

Liver transplantation is the definitive treatment for ACLF with early detection and transplantation for an improved outcome. Liver dialysis and plasmapheresis are also advised for the treatment process as bridge therapies.

Macro-economic Factors

Per-capita Annual Healthcare Expenditure

Health expenditure includes all expenditures for the provision of health services, family planning activities, nutrition activities, and emergency aid designated for health. This indicator is defined as the per capita total expenditure on health, expressed at the average exchange rate for a particular year. In 2021, health spending per person in the US was USD 12,914, which was over USD 5,000 more than any other high-income nation.

According to WHO, the increased expenditure on healthcare increases the productivity of human capital, and thus making a constructive contribution to economic growth. In 2021, general government expenditure in Europe on health amounted to USD 1,393.6 billion or 8.1% of GDP. When the healthcare expenditure is low, it implies that the nation is not able to afford quality treatment or treatment for a major disease such as cancer.

Cost of Treatment

The cost of treatment is one of the significant factors that determine the affordability of a cure. It is calculated by dividing the total expenses by the number of unique patients to determine the average cost per patient per year. Developing countries are not able to provide treatment facilities for diseases such as ACLF, due to the cost of treatment is extremely high and the population or infrastructure of the developing countries does not have a strong financial basis for such therapies.

The advancement in medical technology has made it possible to cure diseases that were once considered incurable. However, it is impossible for an individual from middle-class to afford them, due to the high treatment cost. The cost of treatment has a major impact on the growth of a acute on chronic liver disease market.

Age Structure and Epidemiological Profile of the Population

Age structure and epidemiological profile play a significant role in determining the growth of a market when it comes to healthcare. The age structure is the composition of a population in terms of the proportions of individuals of different ages. Population aging has a profound impact on factors such as economic growth, employment, pension schemes, health, and long-term care.

The epidemiologic profile is a document that describes the burden of a disease on the population of an area in terms of the geographic, behavioural, socio-demographic, and clinical characteristics of diseased patients. Epidemiology study maps countries based on the type of disease and the similarities or reasons for the cause of disease. Epidemiological methods are used by the government for disease surveillance and to identify which hazards are important and need treatment.

Acute on Chronic Liver Failure Treatment Market Dynamics

Market Driver- Rise in Number of Hepatologists globally

In the past 10 years, the prevalence and mortality rates of pancreatitis, liver cancer, gallbladder and biliary tract cancer, vascular intestinal disorders, colorectal cancer, and inflammatory bowel disease have increased. Gastrointestinal and liver diseases have a considerable prevalence worldwide, significantly malignant tumors and viral hepatitis. Hepatologists and physicians who participate in clinical research contribute to the expanding knowledge base of medicine and have opportunities to offer cutting-edge therapies to their patients.

In 2018, researchers in the US and Italy focus on HCV and cirrhosis. Those in Japan showed more interest in digestive system tumors, such as gastric cancer and hepatocellular carcinoma. Thus, rise in the number of hepatologists is expected to drive the market during the forecast period.

Market Driver- Increase in Awareness about the Liver Diseases

Initiatives and campaigns by governments of several countries and healthcare providers have played a significant role in raising awareness about liver diseases. For instance, World Hepatitis Day is observed on July 28 every year to raise awareness about viral hepatitis, which is a leading cause of liver cancer. Similarly, the American Liver Foundation provides information and resources to patients and healthcare providers to promote liver health and prevent liver disease.

Advancements in medical research and technology have improved understanding, diagnosis, and treatment of liver diseases. Major liver associations expand this initiative into an international movement aimed at improving awareness of liver health and ultimately working with stakeholders to decrease its major socio-economic burden worldwide. Thus, rising awareness about liver diseases globally is expected to propel the market during the forecast period.

Market Restraint- Increase in Treatment Cost

The prevalence of cirrhosis is increasing in spite of advances in therapeutics, and it remains an expensive medical condition. Moreover, liver diseases contribute significantly to the health and economic burden globally. Economic burden of hospitalized patients with cirrhosis is increasing with admissions and longer LOS in DC and CC groups. Studies examining the healthcare burden of inpatient cirrhosis-related care regardless of etiology, stage, or severity are lacking.

The hospitalization costs for patients with cirrhosis increased 30.2% from 2008 to 2014 to USD 7.37 billion. The burden of chronic liver disease in the US is expected to be in the range of USD 2.5 billion, with an indirect cost of USD 10.6 billion. However, costly medications that have been launched in the past few years have altered the treatment regimens for patients. Thus, an increase in treatment cost can restrain the market during the forecast period.

Market Opportunity- Development of Treatment Options

The discovery of Acute on Chronic Liver Failure Treatment (ACLF) as a distinct syndrome has led to novel insights into disease pathogenesis and has the potential to allow the identification of new therapeutic targets to ameliorate the excess mortality seen in this patient population. Upcoming novel therapies can help patients suffering from ACLF during the forecast period.

HepaStem by Promethera is a lead cell therapy product currently, in Phase II clinical trials for Acute on Chronic Liver Failure Treatment. HepaStem enhances the liver’s own repair and regeneration processes by reducing inflammation and fibrogenesis.

Akaza Bioscience is a biopharmaceutical company pioneering the development of Resatorvid (TAK-242), a novel immunological therapy for the treatment of ACLF.  Thus, ongoing R&D for the treatment options for ACLF can act as an opportunity for the market players during the forecast period.

Scope of Acute on Chronic Liver Failure Treatment Market Report             

The report on the global Acute on Chronic Liver Failure Treatment market includes an assessment of the market, trends, segments, and regional markets. Overview and dynamics have also been included in the report.

Acute on Chronic Liver Failure Treatment Market Segmental Outlook

Based on type, the global acute on chronic liver failure treatment market is segregated into Type-A ACLF, Type-B ACLF, and Type-C ACLF. The Type-C ACLF segment is expected to hold a significant share of the market during the forecast period, due to increasing diagnosis of the liver disease and ACLF at this stage. Type-A ACLF is an acute worsening of liver function in a patient with chronic liver disease.

Type-B ACLF happens when acute decompensation occurs in patients with cirrhosis. Type-B ACLF is diagnosed when there are 2 organ failures of any combination. Type-C ACLF is acute worsening of liver function in decompensated cirrhotic. Type-C ACLF is diagnosed when there are three or more organ failures of any combination. The Type-B ACLF segment is projected to expand at a significant CAGR during the forecast period, owing to rising number of cirrhosis cases globally.

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In terms of indication, the global acute on chronic liver failure treatment market is bifurcated into hepatitis, autoimmune diseases, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and others. The hepatitis segment is expected to hold a significant share of the market, as around 350 million people globally are chronically infected with hepatitis B virus; 75% of these cases are in Asia Pacific alone, where CHB is a leading cause of liver disease-related mortality.

Research studies suggest that between 15% and 37% of patients with HBV infection have spontaneous acute exacerbations within 4 years. Some of these patients develop liver failure during such exacerbations and are labelled as acute-on-chronic liver failure. The mortality rate for these patients is reported to be as high as between 30% and 70%.

The non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) segment is projected to expand at a significant CAGR during the forecast period, due rapidly increasing prevalence of NAFLD in North America and Europe. The others segment includes ACLF due to genetic disorders and cancer.

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Based on treatment the global acute on chronic liver failure treatment market is segmented into surgery and medication. The surgery segment is expected to hold a significant share of the market, as the high and increasing cirrhosis burden heightens the need for liver transplantation (LT). In 2021, 34,694 liver transplants were performed globally, an increase of 6.5% from 2020 and a 20% increase from 2015 (living or deceased).

The use of living donors, donation after circulatory death (DCD) donors, and extended criteria donors represent important means of expanding the donor pool. The medication segment is projected to expand at a significant CAGR during the forecast period owing to the rising number of drug developments for ACLF treatment procedure.

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In terms of application, the global acute on chronic liver failure treatment market is segmented into hospitals, ambulatory surgical centers, and others. The hospitals segment is expected to hold XX% share of the market in 2022, as surgical expertise and specialized surgeons are available in hospitals.

Several innovations and technologies associated with hospitals are expected to improve the pain management of patients suffering from end-stage liver diseases in the hospital. The liver transplantation and related treatment is expected to grow in hospitals, due to suitable clinical outcomes and successful surgeries that are performed by specialists. This factor contributes to the growth of the market.

Most hospitals have access to online databases that permit them to check for organ availability, ensuring quick medical intervention during an emergency. Additionally, rising government interventions to encourage organ donation is projected to drive the Acute On Chronic Liver Failure Treatment market.

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Regional Outlook

On the basis of regions, the global acute on chronic liver failure treatment market is segmented into North America, Europe, APAC, Latin America, and the Middle East and Africa. The market in North America is projected to expand at a significant CAGR during the forecast period.

North America is estimated to maintain its dominance in the market during the forecast period, due to advancements in healthcare infrastructure, increased healthcare spending, and higher demand for advanced anesthesia equipment.

The market in Asia Pacific is expected to expand at a rapid pace during the forecast period. Rising incidences of liver diseases, such as hepatitis B and C, in this region is driving the market. Additionally, increasing awareness about ALCF is contributing to the growth of the market in Asia Pacific.

The markets in Latin America and the Middle East & Africa are expected to expand at a significant pace during the forecast period. Increasing investments by key manufacturers in these regions, owing to the unsaturated & emerging market and high return on investment opportunities, are attracting the new entrants to Latin America and the Middle East & Africa.

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Key Benefits for Industry Participants & Stakeholders

• In-depth Analysis of the Global Acute on Chronic Liver Failure Treatment Market

• Historical, Current, and Projected Market Size in terms of Value

• Potential & Niche Segments and Regions Exhibiting Promising Growth Covered

• Industry Drivers, Restraints, and Opportunities Covered in the Study

• Recent Industry Trends and Developments

• Competitive Landscape & Strategies of Key Players

• Neutral Perspective on Global Acute on Chronic Liver Failure Treatment market performance

Segments

By Type

• Type-A ACLF
• Type-B ACLF
• Type-C ACLF

By Indication

• Hepatitis
• Autoimmune Diseases
• Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD)
• Others

By Treatment

• Surgery
• Medication

By Application

• Hospitals
• Ambulatory Surgical Centers
• Others

By Region

• North America
• Europe
• Asia Pacific
• Latin America
• Middle East & Africa

Key Market Players Profiled in the Report

• Sun Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd.
• Aurobindo Pharma. 
• Pfizer Inc. 
• GSK plc. 
• Dr. Reddy’s Laboratories Ltd.
• Cipla Inc. 
• Gilead Sciences, Inc. 
• Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd.
• F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd 
• Bristol-Myers Squibb Company

Competitive Landscape

• Manufacturers operating in the global Acute on Chronic Liver Failure Treatment market include Sun Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd., Aurobindo Pharma., Pfizer Inc., GSK plc., Dr. Reddy’s Laboratories Ltd., Cipla Inc., Gilead Sciences, Inc., Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd., F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, and Bristol-Myers Squibb Company.

• Market Players are pursuing key strategies such as acquisitions, collaborations, and geographic expansion where a potential opportunity arises for the acute on chronic liver failure treatment market.