Thermal Fillers Market Analysis, Opportunities & Trends 2031

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Thermal Fillers Market Analysis, Opportunities & Trends 2031

Thermal Fillers Market Analysis, Opportunities & Trends 2031

Segments - Thermal Fillers Market by Purity (Below 98%, 98% to 99%, Above 99%), by Form (Powder, Paste/Gel, Sheet/Pad), by Materials (Metal-Based Fillers, Ceramic-Based Fillers, Carbon-Based Fillers, Others), by End-Use Industry (Electronics & Electrical, Automotive, Aerospace & Defense, Energy and Power, Others), and Region (North America, Asia Pacific, Europe, Latin America, and Middle East & Africa) - Global Industry Analysis, Size, Share, Growth, Trends, and Forecast 2023-2031

Author : Riddhesh Dani

Fact-checked by : Harneet Meher

Editor : Shruti Bhat

Report Description

Thermal Fillers Market Outlook:

The global thermal fillers market was estimated at USD 858.2 Million in 2022 and is anticipated to reach USD 1,707.5 Million by 2031, expanding at a CAGR of 8.1% during the forecast period.

Thermal fillers are known as thermal gap fillers. Thermal gap fillers are thermally conductive gap-filling liquid solutions that are designed to improve thermal efficiency and make dispensing easy in significant quantities during manufacturing processes

Thermal filler materials offer exceptional mechanical and thermal performance without putting pressure on electronic components during installation, thus allowing for the improvement of devices in terms of reliability and performance.

Thermal gap filler materials adhere to highly complicated multi-level surfaces and topographies, as they are liquid mediums. This enables them to provide superior wet-out for optimized thermal resistance, which is often lower than that of solid pad-based media.

Macro-economic Factors

Technology Advancements

The thermal fillers market is significantly impacted by technological changes, as new designs and technologies enhance performance, efficiency, and usability. Many industries, including consumer electronics, automotive electronics, and aerospace, use thermal fillers.

The world is changing quickly due to technological advancements, and any significant new discoveries frequently provide new hardware installation and, consequently, new applications for thermal fillers with specific and unique needs. Some of examples are in data centers, vehicles and the development of 5G.

Disposable Income

After income taxes have been deducted, a person or household's disposable income is the amount they have available for spending or saving. At the macroeconomic level, one of the most important economic indicators used to assess the overall health of the economy is disposable personal income.

Rise in disposable income, increases a consumer’s ability to spend, particularly on electronics and vehicles. As per the Consumer Technology Association, consumer technology spending reached around USD 512 Bn in 2021. Demand for consumer gadgets has been rising recently, thus increasing their manufacturing. Thermal gap fillers are used in consumer electronics to fill air gaps between components or PC boards and to effectively dissipate the heat generated inside electronic equipment.

Thermal Fillers Market Dynamics

Market Driver- Increasing Demand from the Electronic & Electrical Industry

Thermal gap filler is an essential component in electronic equipment and devices, owing to their excellent thermal conductive properties. Manufacturers in the electronic industry tends to switch to alternative sustainable materials for thermal management technologies such as thermal gap fillers. Among various thermal management solutions, thermal fillers are widely used in the electronic industry, due to high thermal conductivity.

Electronic manufactures are focusing on designing devices with thermal management present in them, which help to reduce energy consumption and leads to sustainability. Thus, governments across the globe are focusing on thermal management solutions. For instance, Defense Advanced Research Agency (DARPA) focus on thermal management solutions for high power military systems. Such government efforts towards the inclusion of thermal management in various applications is expected to drive the thermal fillers market during the forecast period.

Market Driver- Rising Consumer Spending on Electronic Products

The income effect or disposable income directly impacts the buying or purchasing power of consumers. Increasing disposable income leads to the increase in consumer spending. In recent years, consumer spending on electronic products have increased. The rapidly increasing internet penetration from young generation across the globe is driving the growth of consumer electronics market. Covid-19 has also contributed this growth significantly, as people were working form home during the pandemic that led to the demand for more electronic devices than pre-pandemic.

Thermal fillers are used in almost every consumer electronic product such as mobile phones, laptops, computers, tablets, and others. Hence, rising consumer spending on electronic products increases the demand for thermal fillers, which is driving the market.

Market Restraint- Raw Material Price Fluctuation

Thermal gap fillers are usually metal-based such as aluminum, copper, & silver; silica-based; ceramic-based; and others. These fillers are made from silicone polymer or other polymer and powder, which are then cured and casted to conformal thermal pad material.

Thermal gap fillers prices tend to change according to the purity level of raw material and fluctuating prices of raw materials such as silica powder, alumina dioxide powder, and others. The key raw materials used in the production of aluminum dioxide, including bauxite and alumina, are subjected to price fluctuations, due to changes in the demand & supply situation in the global economy.

Thus, fluctuations in the prices of these powders and polymers impact the overall cost of thermal fillers, which is expected to restrict the market during the forecast period. Some thermal fillers, especially those with superior performance properties, are expensive to manufacture. The high cost of certain fillers limits their adoption, particularly in price-sensitive industries or applications where cost-effectiveness is a primary concern.

Scope of Thermal Fillers Market Report

The report on the global thermal fillers market includes an assessment of the market, trends, segments, and regional markets. Overview and dynamics have also been included in the report.

Attributes	Details
Report Title	Thermal Fillers Market – Global Industry Analysis, Size, Share, Growth, Trends, and Forecast
Base Year	2022
Historic Data	2016 and 2021
Forecast Period	2023–2031
Segmentation	by Purity (Below 98%, 98% to 99%, Above 99%), by Form (Powder, Paste/Gel, Sheet/Pad), by Materials (Metal-Based Fillers, Ceramic-Based Fillers, Carbon-Based Fillers, Others), by End-Use Industry (Electronics & Electrical, Automotive, Aerospace & Defense, Energy and Power, Others)
Regional Scope	North America, Europe, Asia Pacific, Latin America, and Middle East & Africa
Report Coverage	Company Share, Market Analysis and Size, Competitive Landscape, Growth Factors, and Trends, and Revenue Forecast
Key Players Covered	3M, Boyd, Dow, Henkel Corporation, Honeywell, J.M. Huber Corporation, Momentive, Parker Hannifin Corporation, Resonac Corporation, Shin-Etu Chemical Co., Ltd., Saint-Gobain and Wacker Chemie AG

Thermal Fillers Market Segmental Outlook

Based on purity, the global thermal fillers market is segmented Below 98%, 98% to 99%, Above 99%. The above 99% segment is expected to expand at a CAGR of XX% during the forecast period, due to the increasing demand for highly purity thermal fillers. They have enhanced mechanical properties such as thermal conductivity.

Based on form, the global thermal fillers market is segmented into Powder, Paste/Gel, and Sheet/Pad. The paste/gel segment held a XX% market share in 2022, due to the growing need for efficient heat transfer and thermal management in industries such as electronics, automotive, and aerospace.

The automotive industry has witnessed a significant increase in the adoption of electric vehicles (EVs) in recent years. EVs are powered by high-speed lithium batteries, which generate a considerable amount of heat during the operation. This factor is anticipated to drive the paste/gel segment in the coming years.

Based on the materials, the market is categorized as metal-based fillers, ceramic-based fillers, carbon-based fillers, others. The ceramic-based fillers segment is projected to expand at a CAGR of XX% during the forecast period. Ceramic-based fillers such as boron nitride (BN) and aluminum oxide (Al2O3) offer excellent thermal conductivity properties. They enable efficient heat transfer from heat-generating components, which is driving the segment.

Based on the end-use industry, the market is categorized as electronics & electrical, automotive, aerospace & defense, energy and power, and others. The electrical & electronics segment held a 43.8% market share in 2022 and is expected to hold a XX% market share in 2031.

The growth of this segment is attributed to the development of semiconductor technology, which evolved as a result of technical development. Increasing consumer spending on electronic devices and equipment is projected to drive the market in the near future.

Regional Outlook

On the basis of regions, the global thermal fillers market is segmented into North America, Europe, Asia Pacific, Latin America, and Middle East & Africa.

Asia Pacific held XX% of the market share in 2022, The market in Asia Pacific is expected to develop at a rapid rate during the forecast period, due to the high growth of the semiconductor industry in the region. Emerging economies such as India are focusing on increasing the production of electronics and their components.

Key Benefits for Industry Participants & Stakeholders

In-depth Analysis of the Global Thermal Fillers Market
Historical, Current, and Projected Market Size in terms of Value
Potential & Niche Segments and Regions Exhibiting Promising Growth Covered
Industry Drivers, Restraints, and Opportunities Covered in the Study
Recent Industry Trends and Developments
Competitive Landscape & Strategies of Key Players
Neutral Perspective on Global Thermal Fillers Market Performance

Segments

By Purity

Below 98%
98% to 99%
Above 99%

By Form

Powder
Paste/Gel
Sheet/Pad

By Materials

Metal-Based Fillers
Ceramic-Based Fillers
Carbon-Based Fillers
Others

By End-Use Industry

Electronics & Electrical
Automotive
Aerospace & Defense
Energy and Power
Others

By Region

North America
Europe
Asia Pacific
Latin America
Middle East & Africa

Key Market Players Profiled in the Report

3M
Boyd
Dow
Henkel Corporation
Honeywell
J.M. Huber Corporation
Momentive
Parker Hannifin Corporation
Resonac Corporation
Shin-Etu Chemical Co., Ltd.
Saint-Gobain
Wacker Chemie AG.

Competitive Landscape

Manufacturers operating in the Global Thermal Fillers Market include 3M, Boyd, Dow, Henkel Corporation, Honeywell, J.M. Huber Corporation, Momentive, Parker Hannifin Corporation, Resonac Corporation, Shin-Etu Chemical Co., Ltd., Saint-Gobain and Wacker Chemie AG.

Thermal Fillers Market Key Players

Table Of Content

Chapter 1 Executive Summary
Chapter 2 Assumptions and Acronyms Used
Chapter 3 Research Methodology
Chapter 4 Thermal Fillers Market Overview
   4.1 Introduction
      4.1.1 Market Taxonomy
      4.1.2 Market Definition
      4.1.3 Macro-Economic Factors Impacting the Market Growth
   4.2 Thermal Fillers Market Dynamics
      4.2.1 Market Drivers
      4.2.2 Market Restraints
      4.2.3 Market Opportunity
   4.3 Thermal Fillers Market - Supply Chain Analysis
      4.3.1 List of Key Suppliers
      4.3.2 List of Key Distributors
      4.3.3 List of Key Consumers
   4.4 Key Forces Shaping the Thermal Fillers Market
      4.4.1 Bargaining Power of Suppliers
      4.4.2 Bargaining Power of Buyers
      4.4.3 Threat of Substitution
      4.4.4 Threat of New Entrants
      4.4.5 Competitive Rivalry
   4.5 Global Thermal Fillers Market Size & Forecast, 2016-2031
      4.5.1 Thermal Fillers Market Size and Y-o-Y Growth
      4.5.2 Thermal Fillers Market Absolute $ Opportunity
   4.6 Global Thermal Fillers Market: Impact Of Key Regulations
   4.7 Global Thermal Fillers Pricing Analysis & Forecast, 2016 to 2031
Chapter 5 Global Thermal Fillers Market Analysis and Forecast By Purity
   5.1 Introduction
      5.1.1 Key Market Trends & Growth Opportunities By Purity
      5.1.2 Basis Point Share (BPS) Analysis By Purity
      5.1.3 Absolute $ Opportunity Assessment By Purity
   5.2 Thermal Fillers Market Size Forecast By Purity
      5.2.1 Below 98%
      5.2.2 98% to 99%
      5.2.3 Above 99%
   5.3 Market Attractiveness Analysis By Purity
Chapter 6 Global Thermal Fillers Market Analysis and Forecast By Form
   6.1 Introduction
      6.1.1 Key Market Trends & Growth Opportunities By Form
      6.1.2 Basis Point Share (BPS) Analysis By Form
      6.1.3 Absolute $ Opportunity Assessment By Form
   6.2 Thermal Fillers Market Size Forecast By Form
      6.2.1 Powder
      6.2.2 Paste/Gel
      6.2.3 Sheet/Pad
   6.3 Market Attractiveness Analysis By Form
Chapter 7 Global Thermal Fillers Market Analysis and Forecast By Materials
   7.1 Introduction
      7.1.1 Key Market Trends & Growth Opportunities By Materials
      7.1.2 Basis Point Share (BPS) Analysis By Materials
      7.1.3 Absolute $ Opportunity Assessment By Materials
   7.2 Thermal Fillers Market Size Forecast By Materials
      7.2.1 Metal-Based Fillers
      7.2.2 Ceramic-Based Fillers
      7.2.3 Carbon-Based Fillers
      7.2.4 Others
   7.3 Market Attractiveness Analysis By Materials
Chapter 8 Global Thermal Fillers Market Analysis and Forecast By End-Use Industry
   8.1 Introduction
      8.1.1 Key Market Trends & Growth Opportunities By End-Use Industry
      8.1.2 Basis Point Share (BPS) Analysis By End-Use Industry
      8.1.3 Absolute $ Opportunity Assessment By End-Use Industry
   8.2 Thermal Fillers Market Size Forecast By End-Use Industry
      8.2.1 Electronics & Electrical
      8.2.2 Automotive
      8.2.3 Aerospace & Defense
      8.2.4 Energy and Power
      8.2.5 Others
   8.3 Market Attractiveness Analysis By End-Use Industry
Chapter 9 Global Thermal Fillers Market Analysis and Forecast by Region
   9.1 Introduction
      9.1.1 Key Market Trends & Growth Opportunities by Region
      9.1.2 Basis Point Share (BPS) Analysis by Region
      9.1.3 Absolute $ Opportunity Assessment by Region
   9.2 Thermal Fillers Market Size Forecast by Region
      9.2.1 North America
      9.2.2 Europe
      9.2.3 Asia Pacific
      9.2.4 Latin America
      9.2.5 Middle East & Africa (MEA)
   9.3 Market Attractiveness Analysis by Region
Chapter 10 Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Impact
   10.1 Introduction
   10.2 Current & Future Impact Analysis
   10.3 Economic Impact Analysis
   10.4 Government Policies
   10.5 Investment Scenario
Chapter 11 North America Thermal Fillers Analysis and Forecast
   11.1 Introduction
   11.2 North America Thermal Fillers Market Size Forecast by Country
      11.2.1 U.S.
      11.2.2 Canada
   11.3 Basis Point Share (BPS) Analysis by Country
   11.4 Absolute $ Opportunity Assessment by Country
   11.5 Market Attractiveness Analysis by Country
   11.6 North America Thermal Fillers Market Size Forecast By Purity
      11.6.1 Below 98%
      11.6.2 98% to 99%
      11.6.3 Above 99%
   11.7 Basis Point Share (BPS) Analysis By Purity
   11.8 Absolute $ Opportunity Assessment By Purity
   11.9 Market Attractiveness Analysis By Purity
   11.10 North America Thermal Fillers Market Size Forecast By Form
      11.10.1 Powder
      11.10.2 Paste/Gel
      11.10.3 Sheet/Pad
   11.11 Basis Point Share (BPS) Analysis By Form
   11.12 Absolute $ Opportunity Assessment By Form
   11.13 Market Attractiveness Analysis By Form
   11.14 North America Thermal Fillers Market Size Forecast By Materials
      11.14.1 Metal-Based Fillers
      11.14.2 Ceramic-Based Fillers
      11.14.3 Carbon-Based Fillers
      11.14.4 Others
   11.15 Basis Point Share (BPS) Analysis By Materials
   11.16 Absolute $ Opportunity Assessment By Materials
   11.17 Market Attractiveness Analysis By Materials
   11.18 North America Thermal Fillers Market Size Forecast By End-Use Industry
      11.18.1 Electronics & Electrical
      11.18.2 Automotive
    11.18.3 Aerospace & Defense
      11.18.4 Energy and Power
      11.18.5 Others
   11.19 Basis Point Share (BPS) Analysis By End-Use Industry
   11.20 Absolute $ Opportunity Assessment By End-Use Industry
   11.21 Market Attractiveness Analysis By End-Use Industry

Chapter 12 Europe Thermal Fillers Analysis and Forecast
   12.1 Introduction
   12.2 Europe Thermal Fillers Market Size Forecast by Country
      12.2.1 Germany
      12.2.2 France
      12.2.3 Italy
      12.2.4 U.K.
      12.2.5 Spain
      12.2.6 Russia
      12.2.7 Rest of Europe
   12.3 Basis Point Share (BPS) Analysis by Country
   12.4 Absolute $ Opportunity Assessment by Country
   12.5 Market Attractiveness Analysis by Country
   12.6 Europe Thermal Fillers Market Size Forecast By Purity
      12.6.1 Below 98%
      12.6.2 98% to 99%
      12.6.3 Above 99%
   12.7 Basis Point Share (BPS) Analysis By Purity
   12.8 Absolute $ Opportunity Assessment By Purity
   12.9 Market Attractiveness Analysis By Purity
   12.10 Europe Thermal Fillers Market Size Forecast By Form
      12.10.1 Powder
      12.10.2 Paste/Gel
      12.10.3 Sheet/Pad
   12.11 Basis Point Share (BPS) Analysis By Form
   12.12 Absolute $ Opportunity Assessment By Form
   12.13 Market Attractiveness Analysis By Form
   12.14 Europe Thermal Fillers Market Size Forecast By Materials
      12.14.1 Metal-Based Fillers
      12.14.2 Ceramic-Based Fillers
      12.14.3 Carbon-Based Fillers
      12.14.4 Others
   12.15 Basis Point Share (BPS) Analysis By Materials
   12.16 Absolute $ Opportunity Assessment By Materials
   12.17 Market Attractiveness Analysis By Materials
   12.18 Europe Thermal Fillers Market Size Forecast By End-Use Industry
      12.18.1 Electronics & Electrical
      12.18.2 Automotive
      12.18.3 Aerospace & Defense
      12.18.4 Energy and Power
      12.18.5 Others
   12.19 Basis Point Share (BPS) Analysis By End-Use Industry
   12.20 Absolute $ Opportunity Assessment By End-Use Industry
   12.21 Market Attractiveness Analysis By End-Use Industry
Chapter 13 Asia Pacific Thermal Fillers Analysis and Forecast
   13.1 Introduction
   13.2 Asia Pacific Thermal Fillers Market Size Forecast by Country
      13.2.1 China
      13.2.2 Japan
      13.2.3 South Korea
      13.2.4 India
      13.2.5 Australia
      13.2.6 South East Asia (SEA)
      13.2.7 Rest of Asia Pacific (APAC)
   13.3 Basis Point Share (BPS) Analysis by Country
   13.4 Absolute $ Opportunity Assessment by Country
   13.5 Market Attractiveness Analysis by Country
   13.6 Asia Pacific Thermal Fillers Market Size Forecast By Purity
      13.6.1 Below 98%
      13.6.2 98% to 99%
      13.6.3 Above 99%
   13.7 Basis Point Share (BPS) Analysis By Purity
   13.8 Absolute $ Opportunity Assessment By Purity
   13.9 Market Attractiveness Analysis By Purity
   13.10 Asia Pacific Thermal Fillers Market Size Forecast By Form
      13.10.1 Powder
      13.10.2 Paste/Gel
      13.10.3 Sheet/Pad
   13.11 Basis Point Share (BPS) Analysis By Form
   13.12 Absolute $ Opportunity Assessment By Form
   13.13 Market Attractiveness Analysis By Form
   13.14 Asia Pacific Thermal Fillers Market Size Forecast By Materials
      13.14.1 Metal-Based Fillers
      13.14.2 Ceramic-Based Fillers
      13.14.3 Carbon-Based Fillers
      13.14.4 Others
   13.15 Basis Point Share (BPS) Analysis By Materials
   13.16 Absolute $ Opportunity Assessment By Materials
   13.17 Market Attractiveness Analysis By Materials
   13.18 Asia Pacific Thermal Fillers Market Size Forecast By End-Use Industry
      13.18.1 Electronics & Electrical
      13.18.2 Automotive
      13.18.3 Aerospace & Defense
      13.18.4 Energy and Power
      13.18.5 Others
   13.19 Basis Point Share (BPS) Analysis By End-Use Industry
   13.20 Absolute $ Opportunity Assessment By End-Use Industry
   13.21 Market Attractiveness Analysis By End-Use Industry
Chapter 14 Latin America Thermal Fillers Analysis and Forecast
   14.1 Introduction
   14.2 Latin America Thermal Fillers Market Size Forecast by Country
      14.2.1 Brazil
      14.2.2 Mexico
      14.2.3 Rest of Latin America (LATAM)
   14.3 Basis Point Share (BPS) Analysis by Country
   14.4 Absolute $ Opportunity Assessment by Country
   14.5 Market Attractiveness Analysis by Country
   14.6 Latin America Thermal Fillers Market Size Forecast By Purity
      14.6.1 Below 98%
      14.6.2 98% to 99%
      14.6.3 Above 99%
   14.7 Basis Point Share (BPS) Analysis By Purity
   14.8 Absolute $ Opportunity Assessment By Purity
   14.9 Market Attractiveness Analysis By Purity
   14.10 Latin America Thermal Fillers Market Size Forecast By Form
      14.10.1 Powder
      14.10.2 Paste/Gel
      14.10.3 Sheet/Pad
   14.11 Basis Point Share (BPS) Analysis By Form
   14.12 Absolute $ Opportunity Assessment By Form
   14.13 Market Attractiveness Analysis By Form
   14.14 Latin America Thermal Fillers Market Size Forecast By Materials
      14.14.1 Metal-Based Fillers
      14.14.2 Ceramic-Based Fillers
      14.14.3 Carbon-Based Fillers
      14.14.4 Others
   14.15 Basis Point Share (BPS) Analysis By Materials
   14.16 Absolute $ Opportunity Assessment By Materials
   14.17 Market Attractiveness Analysis By Materials
   14.18 Latin America Thermal Fillers Market Size Forecast By End-Use Industry
      14.18.1 Electronics & Electrical
      14.18.2 Automotive
      14.18.3 Aerospace & Defense
      14.18.4 Energy and Power
      14.18.5 Others
   14.19 Basis Point Share (BPS) Analysis By End-Use Industry
   14.20 Absolute $ Opportunity Assessment By End-Use Industry
   14.21 Market Attractiveness Analysis By End-Use Industry
Chapter 15 Middle East & Africa (MEA) Thermal Fillers Analysis and Forecast
   15.1 Introduction
   15.2 Middle East & Africa (MEA) Thermal Fillers Market Size Forecast by Country
      15.2.1 Saudi Arabia
      15.2.2 South Africa
      15.2.3 UAE
      15.2.4 Rest of Middle East & Africa (MEA)
   15.3 Basis Point Share (BPS) Analysis by Country
   15.4 Absolute $ Opportunity Assessment by Country
   15.5 Market Attractiveness Analysis by Country
   15.6 Middle East & Africa (MEA) Thermal Fillers Market Size Forecast By Purity
      15.6.1 Below 98%
      15.6.2 98% to 99%
      15.6.3 Above 99%
   15.7 Basis Point Share (BPS) Analysis By Purity
   15.8 Absolute $ Opportunity Assessment By Purity
   15.9 Market Attractiveness Analysis By Purity
   15.10 Middle East & Africa (MEA) Thermal Fillers Market Size Forecast By Form
      15.10.1 Powder
      15.10.2 Paste/Gel
      15.10.3 Sheet/Pad
   15.11 Basis Point Share (BPS) Analysis By Form
   15.12 Absolute $ Opportunity Assessment By Form
   15.13 Market Attractiveness Analysis By Form
   15.14 Middle East & Africa (MEA) Thermal Fillers Market Size Forecast By Materials
      15.14.1 Metal-Based Fillers
      15.14.2 Ceramic-Based Fillers
      15.14.3 Carbon-Based Fillers
      15.14.4 Others
   15.15 Basis Point Share (BPS) Analysis By Materials
   15.16 Absolute $ Opportunity Assessment By Materials
   15.17 Market Attractiveness Analysis By Materials
   15.18 Middle East & Africa (MEA) Thermal Fillers Market Size Forecast By End-Use Industry
      15.18.1 Electronics & Electrical
      15.18.2 Automotive
      15.18.3 Aerospace & Defense
      15.18.4 Energy and Power
      15.18.5 Others
   15.19 Basis Point Share (BPS) Analysis By End-Use Industry
   15.20 Absolute $ Opportunity Assessment By End-Use Industry
   15.21 Market Attractiveness Analysis By End-Use Industry
Chapter 16 Competition Landscape
   16.1 Thermal Fillers Market: Competitive Dashboard
   16.2 Global Thermal Fillers Market: Market Share Analysis, 2022
   16.3 Company Profiles (Details – Overview, Financials, Developments, Strategy)
      16.3.1 3M
      16.3.2 Boyd
      16.3.3 Dow
      16.3.4 Henkel Corporation
      16.3.5 Honeywell
      16.3.6 J.M. Huber Corporation
      16.3.7 Momentive
      16.3.8 Parker Hannifin Corporation
      16.3.9 Resonac Corporation
      16.3.10 Shin-Etu Chemical Co., Ltd
      16.3.11 Saint-Gobain
      16.3.12 Wacker Chemie AG