Skin Substitutes Market by Type (Acellular, Cellular Allogeneic, Cellular autologous, Xenograft, and Others), Origin (Human Dermis, Porcine Dermis, and Bovine Dermis), Application (Acute Wounds and Chronic Wound), End-user (Hospitals, Ambulatory Surgical Centers, and Clinics) and Regions (North America, Europe, Asia Pacific, Latin America, and Middle East & Africa) - Global Industry Analysis, Growth, Share, Size, Trends and, Forecast 2023 – 2031
Market Outlook:
The Global Skin Substitutes Market was estimated at USD 1,781.7 Million in 2022 and is anticipated to reach USD ~ 5,426.0 Million by 2031, expanding at a CAGR of 13.6% during the forecast period.
Skin substitutes, also known as artificial or synthetic skin, are medical products that are designed to replace damaged or missing skin tissue. They are typically used in the treatment of severe burns, chronic wounds, and skin defects resulting from injury or surgery. Skin substitutes are engineered to promote wound healing, reduce pain, and improve the appearance and function of the skin. These substitutes are made from various materials, including synthetic polymers, biological tissues, or a combination of both, and they serve as a temporary or permanent replacement for natural skin until the patient’s skin regenerates or heals.
Macro-economic Factors
Healthcare Expenditure
Healthcare expenditure is a crucial macroeconomic factor that significantly influences the global skin substitutes market. High healthcare expenditure generally leads to increased access to healthcare services. This includes wound care and treatment options, such as skin substitutes. Countries or regions allocate a large amount of funds to healthcare, which drives the demand for advanced wound care products. Healthcare expenditure affects the affordability of skin substitutes for patients. Patients have access to better insurance coverage or government subsidies in regions with robust healthcare spending, making skin substitutes affordable. High healthcare expenditure leads to better healthcare infrastructure, including wound care facilities and specialized centres. This infrastructure supports the adoption of skin substitutes.
Economic Growth and Stability
Economic growth and stability influence various aspects of consumer spending on healthcare products and treatments, ultimately affecting the demand for skin substitutes. Economic growth is often correlated with increased investment in research and development, including wound care treatment and grafting. Stable and growing economies tend to allocate increasing resources to healthcare and product innovation, leading to large number of treatments.
Economic stability results in the high demand for innovative treatments and therapies. Populations have high disposable incomes and improved access to healthcare, as economies grow, fostering interest in cutting-edge treatments. This, in turn, leads to a rise in wound care treatments and the need for skin substitutes.
Skin Substitues Market Dynamics
Market Driver- Rising Chronic Wounds
Increasing prevalence of chronic wounds, such as diabetic foot ulcers and pressure ulcers, due to factors such as aging populations and high rates of diabetes, is boosting the demand for skin substitutes. Chronic wounds represent a silent epidemic that affects a significant portion of the global population. Several factors contribute to the surge in chronic wounds, including the aging population, steep rise in the prevalence of obesity that is heavily correlated to diabetes, and the late effects of radiation therapies. According to a research article published by Mary Ann Liebert, Inc., in March 2021, around 2% of the population in the US was affected by chronic wounds.
Additionally, 3% of the population aged over 65 years suffer from open wounds. Moreover, the government of the US estimates the elderly population to continue to rise above 77 million by 2060, indicating that chronic wounds such as pressure ulcers continue to be an increasingly common problem among the elderly population by then.
Market Driver- Technological Advancements
Technological advancements play a pivotal role in driving the skin substitute market by continually improving the quality, effectiveness, and accessibility of skin substitute products. Ongoing research in materials science has led to the creation of innovative biomaterials and scaffolds that closely mimic human skin. These materials provide support for cell growth and tissue regeneration. Technological advancements in bioprinting and 3D tissue engineering have allowed for the precise fabrication of skin substitutes with complex structures, improving their functionality and appearance.
Moreover, stem cell research and tissue engineering techniques have enabled the production of skin substitutes containing live cells, which actively contribute to wound healing and tissue regeneration. Technological advancements benefit patients and drive the skin substitutes market by expanding its applications and improving treatment outcomes.
Market Restraint- Regulatory Approvals
Regulatory approvals pose a significant restraint for the global skin substitutes market. Regulatory agencies often impose strict requirements for the approval of skin substitutes to ensure patient safety and product efficacy. Meeting these requirements is time-consuming and expensive for manufacturers. The regulatory approval process is lengthy, involving multiple phases of testing and clinical trials. This delays the time taken for a product to reach the market, impacting its availability to patients in need.
Complying with regulatory requirements, conducting clinical trials, and gathering the necessary data result in high development costs. This makes it challenging for small companies to enter the market. Moreover, barriers to entry are high, due to the rigorous regulatory hurdles, thereby reducing competition and potentially limiting innovation in the market.
Market Opportunity- Improving Healthcare Infrastructure
Improved healthcare infrastructure leads to increased awareness and access to advanced medical treatments, including skin substitutes. This results in high adoption rates and a large patient pool. Improved infrastructure facilitates the efficient distribution of skin substitutes to healthcare facilities, ensuring timely access for patients in need. Moreover, improving healthcare infrastructure in the highly populous countries in APAC, such as China, India, and Japan, is providing potential market opportunities and attracting stakeholders to expand their portfolios in the skin substitutes market in the region.
For instance, in March 2019, AVITA Medical collaborated with COSMOTEC, a division of M3 Group Company, to market and distribute skin substitute products in Japan. The collaboration is expected to offer AVITA Medical significant opportunities, considering the recent surge in the number of patients in Japan suffering from decubitus ulcers and chronic wounds.
Scope of the Skin Substitutes Market Report
The report on the Global Skin Substitutes Market includes an assessment of the market, trends, segments, and regional markets. Overview and dynamics have also been included in the report.
Attributes |
Details |
Report Title |
Skin Substitutes Market – Global Industry Analysis, Size, Share, Growth, Trends, and Forecast |
Base Year |
2022 |
Historic Data |
2016–2021 |
Forecast Period |
2023–2031 |
Segmentation |
Type (Acellular, Cellular Allogeneic, Cellular autologous, Xenograft, and Others), Origin (Human Dermis, Porcine Dermis, and Bovine Dermis), Application (Acute Wounds and Chronic Wound), End-user (Hospitals, Ambulatory Surgical Centers, and Clinics) |
Regional Scope |
Regions (North America, Europe, Asia Pacific, Latin America, and Middle East & Africa) |
Report Coverage |
Company Share, Market Analysis and Size, Competitive Landscape, Growth Factors, and Trends, and Revenue Forecast |
Key Players Covered |
Mölnlycke Health Care AB, Integra LifeSciences Holdings Corporation, Organogenesis Holdings Inc, Tissue Regenix Group plc, MIMEDX Group, Inc, Mallinckrodt plc, HansBiomed Corp., Reprise Biomedical Inc., Bioventus Inc., PolyNovo Limited, BioHorizons, Harbor MedTech, Inc., Regenity, and Smith+Nephew. |
Skin Substitutes Market Segmental Outlook
Based on Type, the market is segmented into Acellular, Cellular Allogeneic, Cellular autologous, Xenograft, and Others. The Acellular segment is expected to hold a considerable share of the market during the forecast, as acellular allografts are easy to use and have no immunologic response; however, the processing time and possibility of graft rejection and infection are some disadvantages of this skin substitute.
On the basis of origin, the market is fragmented into human dermis, porcine dermis, and bovine dermis. The human dermis segment holds a key share of the market during the forecasted period. A wide array of skin substitutes is available in the market for the treatment of burn injury, due to the advent and progress of biotechnology and tissue engineering. For instance, Dermagraft is a product manufactured from human neonatal foreskin fibroblasts, which are seeded in a matrix of bioabsorbable polyglactin.
On the basis of application, the market is bifurcated into acute wounds and chronic wound. The chronic wound segment holds a key share of the market during the forecasted period. Increasing prevalence of diabetes across the globe is one of the major causes of diabetic foot ulcers.
For instance, according to the American Diabetes Association, in 2019, 37.3 million Americans, or 11.3% of the population, had diabetes.
On the basis of end-user, the market is divided into hospitals, ambulatory surgical centers, and clinics. The hospitals segment holds a key share of the market during the forecasted period, owing to the increasing number of medical and surgical procedures across the globe. Hospitals are the primary settings where surgical procedures take place.
Regional Outlook
Based on regions, the market is fragmented into North America, Europe, Asia Pacific, Latin America, and Middle East & Africa. North America accounted for a significant share of the market in 2022, owing to the growing incidence of chronic wounds. Additionally, presence of highly developed healthcare infrastructure and increasing awareness about wound management among the population are driving the market in the region.
Key Benefits for Industry Participants & Stakeholders
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In-depth Analysis of the Global Skin Substitutes Market
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Historical, Current, and Projected Market Size in Terms of Value
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Potential & Niche Segments and Regions Exhibiting Promising Growth Covered
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Industry Drivers, Restraints, and Opportunities Covered in the Study
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Recent Industry Trends and Developments
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Competitive Landscape & Strategies of Key Players
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Neutral Perspective on Global Skin Substitutes Market PerProduct Typeance
Chapter 2 Assumptions and Acronyms Used
Chapter 3 Research Methodology
Chapter 4 Skin Substitutes Market Overview
4.1 Introduction
4.1.1 Market Taxonomy
4.1.2 Market Definition
4.1.3 Macro-Economic Factors Impacting the Market Growth
4.2 Skin Substitutes Market Dynamics
4.2.1 Market Drivers
4.2.2 Market Restraints
4.2.3 Market Opportunity
4.3 Skin Substitutes Market - Supply Chain Analysis
4.3.1 List of Key Suppliers
4.3.2 List of Key Distributors
4.3.3 List of Key Consumers
4.4 Key Forces Shaping the Skin Substitutes Market
4.4.1 Bargaining Power of Suppliers
4.4.2 Bargaining Power of Buyers
4.4.3 Threat of Substitution
4.4.4 Threat of New Entrants
4.4.5 Competitive Rivalry
4.5 Global Skin Substitutes Market Size & Forecast, 2016-2031
4.5.1 Skin Substitutes Market Size and Y-o-Y Growth
4.5.2 Skin Substitutes Market Absolute $ Opportunity
4.6 4.6 Current & Emerging Trends
4.7 Technology Trend Analysis
4.8 Market Entry Strategy
4.9 Market Investments Scenario
4.10 3D Bioprinting of Functional Skin Substitutes: Overview
4.11 Development of New Biomaterials to be Applied as Skin Substitutes: Overview
4.12 Skin Substitutes for the Management of Mohs Micrographic Surgery Wounds: Review
Chapter 5 Global Skin Substitutes Market Analysis and Forecast By Type
5.1 Introduction
5.1.1 Key Market Trends & Growth Opportunities By Type
5.1.2 Basis Point Share (BPS) Analysis By Type
5.1.3 Absolute $ Opportunity Assessment By Type
5.2 Skin Substitutes Market Size Forecast By Type
5.2.1 Acellular
5.2.2 Cellular Allogeneic
5.2.3 Cellular Autologous
5.2.4 Xenograft
5.2.5 Others
5.3 Market Attractiveness Analysis By Type
Chapter 6 Global Skin Substitutes Market Analysis and Forecast By Origin
6.1 Introduction
6.1.1 Key Market Trends & Growth Opportunities By Origin
6.1.2 Basis Point Share (BPS) Analysis By Origin
6.1.3 Absolute $ Opportunity Assessment By Origin
6.2 Skin Substitutes Market Size Forecast By Origin
6.2.1 Human Dermis
6.2.2 Porcine Dermis
6.2.3 Bovine Dermis
6.3 Market Attractiveness Analysis By Origin
Chapter 7 Global Skin Substitutes Market Analysis and Forecast By Application
7.1 Introduction
7.1.1 Key Market Trends & Growth Opportunities By Application
7.1.2 Basis Point Share (BPS) Analysis By Application
7.1.3 Absolute $ Opportunity Assessment By Application
7.2 Skin Substitutes Market Size Forecast By Application
7.2.1 Acute Wounds
7.2.1.1 Burns
7.2.1.2 Trauma
7.2.1.3 Others
7.2.2 Chronic Wound
7.2.2.1 Diabetic Foot Ulcers
7.2.2.2 Venous Leg Ulcers
7.2.2.3 Pressure Ulcer
7.2.2.4 Skin Cancer (Mohs Surgery)
7.2.2.5 Others
7.3 Market Attractiveness Analysis By Application
Chapter 8 Global Skin Substitutes Market Analysis and Forecast By End-user
8.1 Introduction
8.1.1 Key Market Trends & Growth Opportunities By End-user
8.1.2 Basis Point Share (BPS) Analysis By End-user
8.1.3 Absolute $ Opportunity Assessment By End-user
8.2 Skin Substitutes Market Size Forecast By End-user
8.2.1 Hospitals
8.2.2 Ambulatory Surgical Centers
8.2.3 Clinics
8.3 Market Attractiveness Analysis By End-user
Chapter 9 Global Skin Substitutes Market Analysis and Forecast by Region
9.1 Introduction
9.1.1 Key Market Trends & Growth Opportunities by Region
9.1.2 Basis Point Share (BPS) Analysis by Region
9.1.3 Absolute $ Opportunity Assessment by Region
9.2 Skin Substitutes Market Size Forecast by Region
9.2.1 North America
9.2.2 Europe
9.2.3 Asia Pacific
9.2.4 Latin America
9.2.5 Middle East & Africa (MEA)
9.3 Market Attractiveness Analysis by Region
Chapter 10 Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Impact
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Current & Future Impact Analysis
10.3 Economic Impact Analysis
10.4 Government Policies
10.5 Investment Scenario
Chapter 11 North America Skin Substitutes Analysis and Forecast
11.1 Introduction
11.2 North America Skin Substitutes Market Size Forecast by Country
11.2.1 U.S.
11.2.2 Canada
11.3 Basis Point Share (BPS) Analysis by Country
11.4 Absolute $ Opportunity Assessment by Country
11.5 Market Attractiveness Analysis by Country
11.6 North America Skin Substitutes Market Size Forecast By Type
11.6.1 Acellular
11.6.2 Cellular Allogeneic
11.6.3 Cellular Autologous
11.6.4 Xenograft
11.6.5 Others
11.7 Basis Point Share (BPS) Analysis By Type
11.8 Absolute $ Opportunity Assessment By Type
11.9 Market Attractiveness Analysis By Type
11.10 North America Skin Substitutes Market Size Forecast By Origin
11.10.1 Human Dermis
11.10.2 Porcine Dermis
11.10.3 Bovine Dermis
11.11 Basis Point Share (BPS) Analysis By Origin
11.12 Absolute $ Opportunity Assessment By Origin
11.13 Market Attractiveness Analysis By Origin
11.14 North America Skin Substitutes Market Size Forecast By Application
11.14.1 Acute Wounds
11.14.1.1 Burns
11.14.1.2 Trauma
11.14.1.3 Others
11.14.2 Chronic Wound
11.14.2.1 Diabetic Foot Ulcers
11.14.2.2 Venous Leg Ulcers
11.14.2.3 Pressure Ulcer
11.14.2.4 Skin Cancer (Mohs Surgery)
11.14.2.5 Others
11.15 Basis Point Share (BPS) Analysis By Application
11.16 Absolute $ Opportunity Assessment By Application
11.17 Market Attractiveness Analysis By Application
11.18 North America Skin Substitutes Market Size Forecast By End-user
11.18.1 Hospitals
11.18.2 Ambulatory Surgical Centers
11.18.3 Clinics
11.19 Basis Point Share (BPS) Analysis By End-user
11.20 Absolute $ Opportunity Assessment By End-user
11.21 Market Attractiveness Analysis By End-user
Chapter 12 Europe Skin Substitutes Analysis and Forecast
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Europe Skin Substitutes Market Size Forecast by Country
12.2.1 Germany
12.2.2 France
12.2.3 Italy
12.2.4 U.K.
12.2.5 Spain
12.2.6 Russia
12.2.7 Rest of Europe
12.3 Basis Point Share (BPS) Analysis by Country
12.4 Absolute $ Opportunity Assessment by Country
12.5 Market Attractiveness Analysis by Country
12.6 Europe Skin Substitutes Market Size Forecast By Type
12.6.1 Acellular
12.6.2 Cellular Allogeneic
12.6.3 Cellular Autologous
12.6.4 Xenograft
12.6.5 Others
12.7 Basis Point Share (BPS) Analysis By Type
12.8 Absolute $ Opportunity Assessment By Type
12.9 Market Attractiveness Analysis By Type
12.10 Europe Skin Substitutes Market Size Forecast By Origin
12.10.1 Human Dermis
12.10.2 Porcine Dermis
12.10.3 Bovine Dermis
12.11 Basis Point Share (BPS) Analysis By Origin
12.12 Absolute $ Opportunity Assessment By Origin
12.13 Market Attractiveness Analysis By Origin
12.14 Europe Skin Substitutes Market Size Forecast By Application
12.14.1 Acute Wounds
12.14.1.1 Burns
12.14.1.2 Trauma
12.14.1.3 Others
12.14.2 Chronic Wound
12.14.2.1 Diabetic Foot Ulcers
12.14.2.2 Venous Leg Ulcers
12.14.2.3 Pressure Ulcer
12.14.2.4 Skin Cancer (Mohs Surgery)
12.14.2.5 Others
12.15 Basis Point Share (BPS) Analysis By Application
12.16 Absolute $ Opportunity Assessment By Application
12.17 Market Attractiveness Analysis By Application
12.18 Europe Skin Substitutes Market Size Forecast By End-user
12.18.1 Hospitals
12.18.2 Ambulatory Surgical Centers
12.18.3 Clinics
12.19 Basis Point Share (BPS) Analysis By End-user
12.20 Absolute $ Opportunity Assessment By End-user
12.21 Market Attractiveness Analysis By End-user
Chapter 13 Asia Pacific Skin Substitutes Analysis and Forecast
13.1 Introduction
13.2 Asia Pacific Skin Substitutes Market Size Forecast by Country
13.2.1 China
13.2.2 Japan
13.2.3 South Korea
13.2.4 India
13.2.5 Australia
13.2.6 South East Asia (SEA)
13.2.7 Rest of Asia Pacific (APAC)
13.3 Basis Point Share (BPS) Analysis by Country
13.4 Absolute $ Opportunity Assessment by Country
13.5 Market Attractiveness Analysis by Country
13.6 Asia Pacific Skin Substitutes Market Size Forecast By Type
13.6.1 Acellular
13.6.2 Cellular Allogeneic
13.6.3 Cellular Autologous
13.6.4 Xenograft
13.6.5 Others
13.7 Basis Point Share (BPS) Analysis By Type
13.8 Absolute $ Opportunity Assessment By Type
13.9 Market Attractiveness Analysis By Type
13.10 Asia Pacific Skin Substitutes Market Size Forecast By Origin
13.10.1 Human Dermis
13.10.2 Porcine Dermis
13.10.3 Bovine Dermis
13.11 Basis Point Share (BPS) Analysis By Origin
13.12 Absolute $ Opportunity Assessment By Origin
13.13 Market Attractiveness Analysis By Origin
13.14 Asia Pacific Skin Substitutes Market Size Forecast By Application
13.14.1 Acute Wounds
13.14.1.1 Burns
13.14.1.2 Trauma
13.14.1.3 Others
13.14.2 Chronic Wound
13.14.2.1 Diabetic Foot Ulcers
13.14.2.2 Venous Leg Ulcers
13.14.2.3 Pressure Ulcer
13.14.2.4 Skin Cancer (Mohs Surgery)
13.14.2.5 Others
13.15 Basis Point Share (BPS) Analysis By Application
13.16 Absolute $ Opportunity Assessment By Application
13.17 Market Attractiveness Analysis By Application
13.18 Asia Pacific Skin Substitutes Market Size Forecast By End-user
13.18.1 Hospitals
13.18.2 Ambulatory Surgical Centers
13.18.3 Clinics
13.19 Basis Point Share (BPS) Analysis By End-user
13.20 Absolute $ Opportunity Assessment By End-user
13.21 Market Attractiveness Analysis By End-user
Chapter 14 Latin America Skin Substitutes Analysis and Forecast
14.1 Introduction
14.2 Latin America Skin Substitutes Market Size Forecast by Country
14.2.1 Brazil
14.2.2 Mexico
14.2.3 Rest of Latin America (LATAM)
14.3 Basis Point Share (BPS) Analysis by Country
14.4 Absolute $ Opportunity Assessment by Country
14.5 Market Attractiveness Analysis by Country
14.6 Latin America Skin Substitutes Market Size Forecast By Type
14.6.1 Acellular
14.6.2 Cellular Allogeneic
14.6.3 Cellular Autologous
14.6.4 Xenograft
14.6.5 Others
14.7 Basis Point Share (BPS) Analysis By Type
14.8 Absolute $ Opportunity Assessment By Type
14.9 Market Attractiveness Analysis By Type
14.10 Latin America Skin Substitutes Market Size Forecast By Origin
14.10.1 Human Dermis
14.10.2 Porcine Dermis
14.10.3 Bovine Dermis
14.11 Basis Point Share (BPS) Analysis By Origin
14.12 Absolute $ Opportunity Assessment By Origin
14.13 Market Attractiveness Analysis By Origin
14.14 Latin America Skin Substitutes Market Size Forecast By Application
14.14.1 Acute Wounds
14.14.1.1 Burns
14.14.1.2 Trauma
14.14.1.3 Others
14.14.2 Chronic Wound
14.14.2.1 Diabetic Foot Ulcers
14.14.2.2 Venous Leg Ulcers
14.14.2.3 Pressure Ulcer
14.14.2.4 Skin Cancer (Mohs Surgery)
14.14.2.5 Others
14.15 Basis Point Share (BPS) Analysis By Application
14.16 Absolute $ Opportunity Assessment By Application
14.17 Market Attractiveness Analysis By Application
14.18 Latin America Skin Substitutes Market Size Forecast By End-user
14.18.1 Hospitals
14.18.2 Ambulatory Surgical Centers
14.18.3 Clinics
14.19 Basis Point Share (BPS) Analysis By End-user
14.20 Absolute $ Opportunity Assessment By End-user
14.21 Market Attractiveness Analysis By End-user
Chapter 15 Middle East & Africa (MEA) Skin Substitutes Analysis and Forecast
15.1 Introduction
15.2 Middle East & Africa (MEA) Skin Substitutes Market Size Forecast by Country
15.2.1 Saudi Arabia
15.2.2 South Africa
15.2.3 UAE
15.2.4 Rest of Middle East & Africa (MEA)
15.3 Basis Point Share (BPS) Analysis by Country
15.4 Absolute $ Opportunity Assessment by Country
15.5 Market Attractiveness Analysis by Country
15.6 Middle East & Africa (MEA) Skin Substitutes Market Size Forecast By Type
15.6.1 Acellular
15.6.2 Cellular Allogeneic
15.6.3 Cellular Autologous
15.6.4 Xenograft
15.6.5 Others
15.7 Basis Point Share (BPS) Analysis By Type
15.8 Absolute $ Opportunity Assessment By Type
15.9 Market Attractiveness Analysis By Type
15.10 Middle East & Africa (MEA) Skin Substitutes Market Size Forecast By Origin
15.10.1 Human Dermis
15.10.2 Porcine Dermis
15.10.3 Bovine Dermis
15.11 Basis Point Share (BPS) Analysis By Origin
15.12 Absolute $ Opportunity Assessment By Origin
15.13 Market Attractiveness Analysis By Origin
15.14 Middle East & Africa (MEA) Skin Substitutes Market Size Forecast By Application
15.14.1 Acute Wounds
15.14.1.1 Burns
15.14.1.2 Trauma
15.14.1.3 Others
15.14.2 Chronic Wound
15.14.2.1 Diabetic Foot Ulcers
15.14.2.2 Venous Leg Ulcers
15.14.2.3 Pressure Ulcer
15.14.2.4 Skin Cancer (Mohs Surgery)
15.14.2.5 Others
15.15 Basis Point Share (BPS) Analysis By Application
15.16 Absolute $ Opportunity Assessment By Application
15.17 Market Attractiveness Analysis By Application
15.18 Middle East & Africa (MEA) Skin Substitutes Market Size Forecast By End-user
15.18.1 Hospitals
15.18.2 Ambulatory Surgical Centers
15.18.3 Clinics
15.19 Basis Point Share (BPS) Analysis By End-user
15.20 Absolute $ Opportunity Assessment By End-user
15.21 Market Attractiveness Analysis By End-user
Chapter 16 Competition Landscape
16.1 Skin Substitutes Market: Competitive Dashboard
16.2 Global Skin Substitutes Market: Market Share Analysis, 2022
16.3 Company Profiles (Details – Overview, Financials, Developments, Strategy)
16.3.1 Mölnlycke Health Care AB
16.3.2 Integra LifeSciences Holdings Corporation
16.3.3 Organogenesis Holdings Inc
16.3.4 Tissue Regenix Group plc
16.3.5 MIMEDX Group, Inc
16.3.6 Mallinckrodt plc
16.3.7 HansBiomed Corp.
16.3.8 Reprise Biomedical Inc.
16.3.9 Bioventus Inc.
16.3.10 PolyNovo Limited
16.3.11 BioHorizons
16.3.12 Harbor MedTech, Inc.
16.3.13 Regenity
16.3.14 Smith+Nephew