Global Pediatric Epiphysiodesis Market by Technique (Phemister, Percutaneous Drilling-curettage, Percutaneous Epiphysiodesis), by Type (Temporary Hemiepiphysiodesis, Permanent Epiphysiodesis), by Applications (Leg Length Discrepancies (LLD), Angular Deformities, Rickets, Blount Syndrome, Osteochondrodysplasias, Arthrogryposis Multiplex Congenita, Renal osteodystrophy (ROD), Others), By End-users (Hospitals & clinics, ambulatory surgical center, and others) and Region (North America, Asia Pacific, Europe, Latin America, and the Middle East & Africa) - Global Industry Analysis, Growth, Share, Size, Trends, and Forecast 2021-2030
Pediatric Epiphysiodesis Market Outlook
The Global Pediatric Epiphysiodesis Market was estimated at USD 14,838.2 Million in 2021 and is anticipated to reach USD 22,565.8 Million by 2030, expanding at a CAGR of 4.9% during the forecast period.
The treatment or avoidance of leg length inequality in a developing child is known as epiphysiodesis. Epiphysiodesis is a pediatric orthopedic surgical ablation procedure that focuses on modifying or stopping the future bone growth naturally through the physeal plate also known as physis or growth plate. The treatment aims at destroying the growth plates of the Proximal tibia, Distal femur, and fibula to inhibit further growth of the leg or arm. After the surgery, the leg grows at a slow pace.
When children have a discrepancy in the length of their legs or arms, the problems often worsen over time as the child grows. One method used for treating a severe leg length discrepancy or arm length discrepancy is epiphysiodesis which involves halting the growth of the longer leg in order to allow the shorter leg to “catch up” over time.
Macro-economic Factors
R&D Activities
Research in pediatrics epiphysiodesis made a significant contribution to the development of products and technologies. Research is required for advanced development in product design. Companies in nearly every industry rely on R&D to plan, design, and deliver innovative products and thus, they are focusing on advancements in the pediatrics epiphysiodesis market.
Rising LLD cases
An increasing number of children with LLD is anticipated to boost the market during the forecast period. The treatment or prevention of LLD in developing children is one of the indications of epiphysiodesis. For instance, around 1/1000 population have more than 2 cm LLD requiring treatment if the lower limb is involved. In addition, epiphysiodesis surgery is a good option for surgical correction of anticipated LLD of 2-6 cm at maturity, as it has a low morbidity and complication rate. It usually does not need surgical immobilization and only temporarily impairs a child.
GDP
GDP across countries declined, due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Manufacturers are facing several challenges, due to restrictions and limitations in the supply chain, caused by lockdowns. These challenges are expected to slow down production during the pandemic. Increasing government initiatives in healthcare and pharmaceutical industries are estimated to fuel the market. Penetration of key players and emergence of domestic players are expected to raise employment.
Pediatric Epiphysiodesis Market Dynamics
Market Driver- Rise in Population Base of Limb Length Discrepancies
Leg length discrepancy occurs in about 60% of the population. Most have a leg length difference smaller than 20 mm. When the difference measures more than 1.5 or 2.0 cm, most physicians recommend having the discrepancy evaluated. Early recognition of leg length discrepancy can be corrected simply with temporary surgical treatment. The child goes through a physical examination to assess the limb length discrepancy.
Many different reasons for leg length discrepancy exist; however, the two main causes are birth defect, which causes one leg to grow slower than the other, and/or accidents, a trauma that affected the length of the bone.
Market Driver- Rise in innovations and technological advancements
With Various innovative orthopedic surgical techniques and advancements in developed countries, the growth of the market is expected to significantly rise. Current techniques to treat epiphysiodesis include destruction with curettes or drills, opening cortical windows, and the usage of staples or tension devices. Epiphysiodesis, using radiofrequency ablation, is an advanced technique that represents an alternative treatment that involves lesser scarring and exposure to X-rays, and a lower risk of injury to the surrounding structures than the current methods. Results show that this technique can arrest growth in a safe and effective way.
Market Restraint- Lack of Trained and Skilled Professionals
The growth of the market is hindered due to the lack of skilled and trained doctors. Epiphysiodesis surgical treatment is complicated and often requires skilled professionals, and around 30% of orthopedic physicians are well-trained to perform the epiphysiodesis surgery across the globe.
In 2012, China and India had 1.5 and 0.8 physicians per 1,000 people, respectively, including general and specialist medical practitioners. Less a number of physicians and specialists in emerging and developing countries in regions, such as the Asia Pacific and Africa, thus lack of skilled healthcare professionals is restraining the global epiphysiodesis market.
Market Opportunity- Development in the untapped countries
The rising number of surging applications in untapped areas is projected to create opportunities in the pediatrics epiphysiodesis market. The Pediatric Epiphysiodesis market is emerging for the LLD and angular deformities problems, thus rise in the numbers represents enormous opportunities in untapped areas.
Enhancements in the economy in China and India, and others countries in Southeast Asia are resulting in high per capita healthcare expenditure. This is expected to create opportunities in the epiphysiodesis market in the region. Additionally, private or government sector organizations are forming alliances thus creating opportunities in the market.
Scope of Pediatric Epiphysiodesis Market Report
The report on the global pediatric epiphysiodesis market includes an assessment of the market, trends, segments, and regional markets. Overview and dynamics have also been included in the report.
Attributes |
Details |
Report Title |
Pediatric Epiphysiodesis Market – Global Industry Analysis, Size, Share, Growth, Trends, and Forecast |
Base Year |
2021 |
Historic Data |
2015 and 2020 |
Forecast Period |
2022–2030 |
Segmentation |
Technique (Phemister, Percutaneous Drilling-curettage, Percutaneous Epiphysiodesis), Type (Temporary Hemiepiphysiodesis, Permanent Epiphysiodesis), Applications (Leg Length Discrepancies (LLD), Angular Deformities, Rickets, Blount Syndrome, Osteochondrodysplasias, Arthrogryposis Multiplex Congenita, Renal osteodystrophy (ROD), Others), End-users (Hospitals & clinics, ambulatory surgical center and others) and Region (North America, Asia Pacific, Europe, Latin America, and the Middle East & Africa) |
Regional Scope |
Asia Pacific, North America, Latin America, Europe, and Middle East & Africa |
Report Coverage |
Company Share, Market Analysis and Size, Competitive Landscape, Growth Factors, and Trends, and Revenue Forecast |
Key Players Covered |
Orthofix Medical Inc., Zimmer Biomet, Merete GmbH, Aysam and Others |
Pediatric Epiphysiodesis Market Segmental Outlook
Based on Techniques, the Pediatric Epiphysiodesis market is segmented into Phemister, Percutaneous Drilling-curettage, and Percutaneous Epiphysiodesis. The Percutaneous Epiphysiodesis segment is expected to register substantial growth in the forecast period, due to the rise in the number of LLD cases. The use of the technique is expected to rise in the coming years, as it takes short operative duration, short hospital stays, fast rehabilitation, direct full weight-bearing, and is theoretically reversible.
On the basis of Types, the market is fragmented into Temporary Hemiepiphysiodesis and Permanent Epiphysiodesis. Temporary Hemiepiphysiodesis is projected to hold a significant share of the market during the forecast period, as this type provides a more predictable effect and better reversibility than stability.
On the basis of Application, the market is fragmented into Leg Length Discrepancies (LLD), Angular Deformities, Rickets, Blount Syndrome, Osteochondrodysplasias, Arthrogryposis Multiplex Congenita, Renal osteodystrophy (ROD). LLD is projected to hold a significant share of the market during the forecast period, due to a rise in the number of LLD cases around the world.
Based on End-user, the Pediatric Epiphysiodesis market is segmented into hospitals, ambulatory surgical centers, and others. Hospitals are anticipated to grow at a significant CAGR during the forecast period, as patients prefer hospitals due to the availability of adequate reimbursement policies, thus fueling the segment.
Pediatric Epiphysiodesis Market Regional Outlook
On the basis of regions, the global pediatric epiphysiodesis is segmented into North America, Europe, APAC, Latin America, and the Middle East and Africa. Due to increasing investments in the medical sector and the increasing number of children with epiphysiodesis in the region, APAC is estimated to grow fast during the forecast period in the pediatric epiphysiodesis market in terms of revenue contribution.
North America is dominating the global pediatric epiphysiodesis market owing to the increasing technological innovations and rising prevalence of limb length discrepancies across the region. Europe and MEA make up a small percentage of the pediatric epiphysiodesis market.
Latin America and the Middle East, and Africa are expected to represent moderate opportunities in the global pediatric epiphysiodesis market, due to an increase in surgical procedures using various types of orthopedic implants and tools. Overall, the global pediatric epiphysiodesis market is expected to grow during the forecast period.
Chapter 2 Assumptions and Acronyms Used
Chapter 3 Research Methodology
Chapter 4 Pediatrics Epiphysiodesis Market Overview
4.1 Introduction
4.1.1 Market Taxonomy
4.1.2 Market Definition
4.1.3 Macro-Economic Factors Impacting the Market Growth
4.2 Pediatrics Epiphysiodesis Market Dynamics
4.2.1 Market Drivers
4.2.2 Market Restraints
4.2.3 Market Opportunity
4.3 Pediatrics Epiphysiodesis Market - Supply Chain Analysis
4.3.1 List of Key Suppliers
4.3.2 List of Key Distributors
4.3.3 List of Key Consumers
4.4 Key Forces Shaping the Pediatrics Epiphysiodesis Market
4.4.1 Bargaining Power of Suppliers
4.4.2 Bargaining Power of Buyers
4.4.3 Threat of Substitution
4.4.4 Threat of New Entrants
4.4.5 Competitive Rivalry
4.5 Global Pediatrics Epiphysiodesis Market Size & Forecast, 2015-2030
4.5.1 Pediatrics Epiphysiodesis Market Size and Y-o-Y Growth
4.5.2 Pediatrics Epiphysiodesis Market Absolute $ Opportunity
4.6 Global Pediatrics Epiphysiodesis Market: Impact Of Key Regulations
4.7 Technology Advancement and Innovation
4.8 Clinical Trails Overview
4.9 Reimbursement Scenario
4.10 Pediatrics Epiphysiodesis Procedure Codes – Overview
4.11 Implants for Temporary Epiphysiodesis - Overview
Chapter 5 Global Pediatrics Epiphysiodesis Market Analysis and Forecast By Techniques
5.1 Introduction
5.1.1 Key Market Trends & Growth Opportunities By Techniques
5.1.2 Basis Point Share (BPS) Analysis By Techniques
5.1.3 Absolute $ Opportunity Assessment By Techniques
5.2 Pediatrics Epiphysiodesis Market Size Forecast By Techniques
5.2.1 Phemister
5.2.2 Percutaneous Drilling-curettage
5.2.3 Percutaneous Epiphysiodesis
5.3 Market Attractiveness Analysis By Techniques
Chapter 6 Global Pediatrics Epiphysiodesis Market Analysis and Forecast By Types
6.1 Introduction
6.1.1 Key Market Trends & Growth Opportunities By Types
6.1.2 Basis Point Share (BPS) Analysis By Types
6.1.3 Absolute $ Opportunity Assessment By Types
6.2 Pediatrics Epiphysiodesis Market Size Forecast By Types
6.2.1 Temporary Hemiepiphysiodesis
6.2.2 Permanent Epiphysiodesis
6.3 Market Attractiveness Analysis By Types
Chapter 7 Global Pediatrics Epiphysiodesis Market Analysis and Forecast By Applications
7.1 Introduction
7.1.1 Key Market Trends & Growth Opportunities By Applications
7.1.2 Basis Point Share (BPS) Analysis By Applications
7.1.3 Absolute $ Opportunity Assessment By Applications
7.2 Pediatrics Epiphysiodesis Market Size Forecast By Applications
7.2.1 Leg Length Discrepancies(LLD)
7.2.2 Angular Deformities
7.2.3 Rickets
7.2.4 Blount Syndrome
7.2.5 Osteochondrodysplasias
7.2.6 Arthrogryposis Multiplex Congenita
7.2.7 Renal osteodystrophy (ROD)
7.2.8 Others
7.3 Market Attractiveness Analysis By Applications
Chapter 8 Global Pediatrics Epiphysiodesis Market Analysis and Forecast By End-users
8.1 Introduction
8.1.1 Key Market Trends & Growth Opportunities By End-users
8.1.2 Basis Point Share (BPS) Analysis By End-users
8.1.3 Absolute $ Opportunity Assessment By End-users
8.2 Pediatrics Epiphysiodesis Market Size Forecast By End-users
8.2.1 Hospitals
8.2.2 Ambulatory Surgical Centers
8.2.3 Others
8.3 Market Attractiveness Analysis By End-users
Chapter 9 Global Pediatrics Epiphysiodesis Market Analysis and Forecast by Region
9.1 Introduction
9.1.1 Key Market Trends & Growth Opportunities by Region
9.1.2 Basis Point Share (BPS) Analysis by Region
9.1.3 Absolute $ Opportunity Assessment by Region
9.2 Pediatrics Epiphysiodesis Market Size Forecast by Region
9.2.1 North America
9.2.2 Europe
9.2.3 Asia Pacific
9.2.4 Latin America
9.2.5 Middle East & Africa (MEA)
9.3 Market Attractiveness Analysis by Region
Chapter 10 Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Impact
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Current & Future Impact Analysis
10.3 Economic Impact Analysis
10.4 Government Policies
10.5 Investment Scenario
Chapter 11 North America Pediatrics Epiphysiodesis Analysis and Forecast
11.1 Introduction
11.2 North America Pediatrics Epiphysiodesis Market Size Forecast by Country
11.2.1 U.S.
11.2.2 Canada
11.3 Basis Point Share (BPS) Analysis by Country
11.4 Absolute $ Opportunity Assessment by Country
11.5 Market Attractiveness Analysis by Country
11.6 North America Pediatrics Epiphysiodesis Market Size Forecast By Techniques
11.6.1 Phemister
11.6.2 Percutaneous Drilling-curettage
11.6.3 Percutaneous Epiphysiodesis
11.7 Basis Point Share (BPS) Analysis By Techniques
11.8 Absolute $ Opportunity Assessment By Techniques
11.9 Market Attractiveness Analysis By Techniques
11.10 North America Pediatrics Epiphysiodesis Market Size Forecast By Types
11.10.1 Temporary Hemiepiphysiodesis
11.10.2 Permanent Epiphysiodesis
11.11 Basis Point Share (BPS) Analysis By Types
11.12 Absolute $ Opportunity Assessment By Types
11.13 Market Attractiveness Analysis By Types
11.14 North America Pediatrics Epiphysiodesis Market Size Forecast By Applications
11.14.1 Leg Length Discrepancies(LLD)
11.14.2 Angular Deformities
11.14.3 Rickets
11.14.4 Blount Syndrome
11.14.5 Osteochondrodysplasias
11.14.6 Arthrogryposis Multiplex Congenita
11.14.7 Renal osteodystrophy (ROD)
11.14.8 Others
11.15 Basis Point Share (BPS) Analysis By Applications
11.16 Absolute $ Opportunity Assessment By Applications
11.17 Market Attractiveness Analysis By Applications
11.18 North America Pediatrics Epiphysiodesis Market Size Forecast By End-users
11.18.1 Hospitals
11.18.2 Ambulatory Surgical Centers
11.18.3 Others
11.19 Basis Point Share (BPS) Analysis By End-users
11.20 Absolute $ Opportunity Assessment By End-users
11.21 Market Attractiveness Analysis By End-users
Chapter 12 Europe Pediatrics Epiphysiodesis Analysis and Forecast
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Europe Pediatrics Epiphysiodesis Market Size Forecast by Country
12.2.1 Germany
12.2.2 France
12.2.3 Italy
12.2.4 U.K.
12.2.5 Spain
12.2.6 Russia
12.2.7 Rest of Europe
12.3 Basis Point Share (BPS) Analysis by Country
12.4 Absolute $ Opportunity Assessment by Country
12.5 Market Attractiveness Analysis by Country
12.6 Europe Pediatrics Epiphysiodesis Market Size Forecast By Techniques
12.6.1 Phemister
12.6.2 Percutaneous Drilling-curettage
12.6.3 Percutaneous Epiphysiodesis
12.7 Basis Point Share (BPS) Analysis By Techniques
12.8 Absolute $ Opportunity Assessment By Techniques
12.9 Market Attractiveness Analysis By Techniques
12.10 Europe Pediatrics Epiphysiodesis Market Size Forecast By Types
12.10.1 Temporary Hemiepiphysiodesis
12.10.2 Permanent Epiphysiodesis
12.11 Basis Point Share (BPS) Analysis By Types
12.12 Absolute $ Opportunity Assessment By Types
12.13 Market Attractiveness Analysis By Types
12.14 Europe Pediatrics Epiphysiodesis Market Size Forecast By Applications
12.14.1 Leg Length Discrepancies(LLD)
12.14.2 Angular Deformities
12.14.3 Rickets
12.14.4 Blount Syndrome
12.14.5 Osteochondrodysplasias
12.14.6 Arthrogryposis Multiplex Congenita
12.14.7 Renal osteodystrophy (ROD)
12.14.8 Others
12.15 Basis Point Share (BPS) Analysis By Applications
12.16 Absolute $ Opportunity Assessment By Applications
12.17 Market Attractiveness Analysis By Applications
12.18 Europe Pediatrics Epiphysiodesis Market Size Forecast By End-users
12.18.1 Hospitals
12.18.2 Ambulatory Surgical Centers
12.18.3 Others
12.19 Basis Point Share (BPS) Analysis By End-users
12.20 Absolute $ Opportunity Assessment By End-users
12.21 Market Attractiveness Analysis By End-users
Chapter 13 Asia Pacific Pediatrics Epiphysiodesis Analysis and Forecast
13.1 Introduction
13.2 Asia Pacific Pediatrics Epiphysiodesis Market Size Forecast by Country
13.2.1 China
13.2.2 Japan
13.2.3 South Korea
13.2.4 India
13.2.5 Australia
13.2.6 South East Asia (SEA)
13.2.7 Rest of Asia Pacific (APAC)
13.3 Basis Point Share (BPS) Analysis by Country
13.4 Absolute $ Opportunity Assessment by Country
13.5 Market Attractiveness Analysis by Country
13.6 Asia Pacific Pediatrics Epiphysiodesis Market Size Forecast By Techniques
13.6.1 Phemister
13.6.2 Percutaneous Drilling-curettage
13.6.3 Percutaneous Epiphysiodesis
13.7 Basis Point Share (BPS) Analysis By Techniques
13.8 Absolute $ Opportunity Assessment By Techniques
13.9 Market Attractiveness Analysis By Techniques
13.10 Asia Pacific Pediatrics Epiphysiodesis Market Size Forecast By Types
13.10.1 Temporary Hemiepiphysiodesis
13.10.2 Permanent Epiphysiodesis
13.11 Basis Point Share (BPS) Analysis By Types
13.12 Absolute $ Opportunity Assessment By Types
13.13 Market Attractiveness Analysis By Types
13.14 Asia Pacific Pediatrics Epiphysiodesis Market Size Forecast By Applications
13.14.1 Leg Length Discrepancies(LLD)
13.14.2 Angular Deformities
13.14.3 Rickets
13.14.4 Blount Syndrome
13.14.5 Osteochondrodysplasias
13.14.6 Arthrogryposis Multiplex Congenita
13.14.7 Renal osteodystrophy (ROD)
13.14.8 Others
13.15 Basis Point Share (BPS) Analysis By Applications
13.16 Absolute $ Opportunity Assessment By Applications
13.17 Market Attractiveness Analysis By Applications
13.18 Asia Pacific Pediatrics Epiphysiodesis Market Size Forecast By End-users
13.18.1 Hospitals
13.18.2 Ambulatory Surgical Centers
13.18.3 Others
13.19 Basis Point Share (BPS) Analysis By End-users
13.20 Absolute $ Opportunity Assessment By End-users
13.21 Market Attractiveness Analysis By End-users
Chapter 14 Latin America Pediatrics Epiphysiodesis Analysis and Forecast
14.1 Introduction
14.2 Latin America Pediatrics Epiphysiodesis Market Size Forecast by Country
14.2.1 Brazil
14.2.2 Mexico
14.2.3 Rest of Latin America (LATAM)
14.3 Basis Point Share (BPS) Analysis by Country
14.4 Absolute $ Opportunity Assessment by Country
14.5 Market Attractiveness Analysis by Country
14.6 Latin America Pediatrics Epiphysiodesis Market Size Forecast By Techniques
14.6.1 Phemister
14.6.2 Percutaneous Drilling-curettage
14.6.3 Percutaneous Epiphysiodesis
14.7 Basis Point Share (BPS) Analysis By Techniques
14.8 Absolute $ Opportunity Assessment By Techniques
14.9 Market Attractiveness Analysis By Techniques
14.10 Latin America Pediatrics Epiphysiodesis Market Size Forecast By Types
14.10.1 Temporary Hemiepiphysiodesis
14.10.2 Permanent Epiphysiodesis
14.11 Basis Point Share (BPS) Analysis By Types
14.12 Absolute $ Opportunity Assessment By Types
14.13 Market Attractiveness Analysis By Types
14.14 Latin America Pediatrics Epiphysiodesis Market Size Forecast By Applications
14.14.1 Leg Length Discrepancies(LLD)
14.14.2 Angular Deformities
14.14.3 Rickets
14.14.4 Blount Syndrome
14.14.5 Osteochondrodysplasias
14.14.6 Arthrogryposis Multiplex Congenita
14.14.7 Renal osteodystrophy (ROD)
14.14.8 Others
14.15 Basis Point Share (BPS) Analysis By Applications
14.16 Absolute $ Opportunity Assessment By Applications
14.17 Market Attractiveness Analysis By Applications
14.18 Latin America Pediatrics Epiphysiodesis Market Size Forecast By End-users
14.18.1 Hospitals
14.18.2 Ambulatory Surgical Centers
14.18.3 Others
14.19 Basis Point Share (BPS) Analysis By End-users
14.20 Absolute $ Opportunity Assessment By End-users
14.21 Market Attractiveness Analysis By End-users
Chapter 15 Middle East & Africa (MEA) Pediatrics Epiphysiodesis Analysis and Forecast
15.1 Introduction
15.2 Middle East & Africa (MEA) Pediatrics Epiphysiodesis Market Size Forecast by Country
15.2.1 Saudi Arabia
15.2.2 South Africa
15.2.3 UAE
15.2.4 Rest of Middle East & Africa (MEA)
15.3 Basis Point Share (BPS) Analysis by Country
15.4 Absolute $ Opportunity Assessment by Country
15.5 Market Attractiveness Analysis by Country
15.6 Middle East & Africa (MEA) Pediatrics Epiphysiodesis Market Size Forecast By Techniques
15.6.1 Phemister
15.6.2 Percutaneous Drilling-curettage
15.6.3 Percutaneous Epiphysiodesis
15.7 Basis Point Share (BPS) Analysis By Techniques
15.8 Absolute $ Opportunity Assessment By Techniques
15.9 Market Attractiveness Analysis By Techniques
15.10 Middle East & Africa (MEA) Pediatrics Epiphysiodesis Market Size Forecast By Types
15.10.1 Temporary Hemiepiphysiodesis
15.10.2 Permanent Epiphysiodesis
15.11 Basis Point Share (BPS) Analysis By Types
15.12 Absolute $ Opportunity Assessment By Types
15.13 Market Attractiveness Analysis By Types
15.14 Middle East & Africa (MEA) Pediatrics Epiphysiodesis Market Size Forecast By Applications
15.14.1 Leg Length Discrepancies(LLD)
15.14.2 Angular Deformities
15.14.3 Rickets
15.14.4 Blount Syndrome
15.14.5 Osteochondrodysplasias
15.14.6 Arthrogryposis Multiplex Congenita
15.14.7 Renal osteodystrophy (ROD)
15.14.8 Others
15.15 Basis Point Share (BPS) Analysis By Applications
15.16 Absolute $ Opportunity Assessment By Applications
15.17 Market Attractiveness Analysis By Applications
15.18 Middle East & Africa (MEA) Pediatrics Epiphysiodesis Market Size Forecast By End-users
15.18.1 Hospitals
15.18.2 Ambulatory Surgical Centers
15.18.3 Others
15.19 Basis Point Share (BPS) Analysis By End-users
15.20 Absolute $ Opportunity Assessment By End-users
15.21 Market Attractiveness Analysis By End-users
Chapter 16 Competition Landscape
16.1 Pediatrics Epiphysiodesis Market: Competitive Dashboard
16.2 Global Pediatrics Epiphysiodesis Market: Market Share Analysis, 2021
16.3 Company Profiles (Details – Overview, Financials, Developments, Strategy)
16.3.1 Orthofix Medical Inc.
16.3.2 Zimmer Biomet
16.3.3 Merete GmbH
16.3.4 Aysam
16.3.5 Ortimplant Orthopaedics & Medical Devices